Artillery installation "Nona". Self-propelled artillery systems of Russia

Even in the last years of the existence of the USSR inthe conditions of the decay of the army, the airborne troops were a significant force that was used in all local conflicts in the territory of the former Union. And no wonder, because the doctrine adopted then ordered the use of Uncle Vasya's troops as a means of a preemptive strike. Blue berets especially during the Prague events in 1968 and in Afghanistan were especially bright.

Whatever it was, but one machine gun and BMDyou can not get much of it: the commandos urgently needed weapons that could withstand jumps from the airplane, but with combat power comparable to artillery systems. This could only be provided by artillery, which operated together with the paratroopers.

At that time there were ACU-57and ACS-85, which were designed to suppress the heavy armored vehicles possible enemy. Their characteristics were quite acceptable for that time, but the air assault as such for their deployment was not used: the ACS needed to be carefully unloaded from the aircraft that had landed on the airfield. Naturally, there was no question of any suddenness in this case.

Start the development of a new machine

Of course, the current state of affairs is notcould arrange the Higher Command. An order was given: to start designing a machine that could fully meet all the above requirements. Thus, the artillery installation Nona appeared. Of course, this happened not at once.

Its development began in the 60's, and inAs a platform, BMD-1 was used. The new self-propelled gun received the preliminary name 2С2 "Violet". Immediately it turned out that a powerful 122-mm gun, which was "borrowed" from the Carnage "carnation", simply destroys the too shaky chassis of the BMD. At the same time, a 120-mm self-propelled mortar "Landysh" was designed on the long-suffering landing gear, but for the same reasons it was never adopted.

The sequence of "Objects"

By the mid-1970s in Volgograd there wereprojects of principally new light tanks designed specifically for the needs of the Airborne Forces ("Object 934" and "Object 685") were created. Their main armament was a powerful 100-mm cannon. Alas, due to some design flaws and disagreements with the developers, they also did not go into the series. The problem of equipping the winged troops with mobile artillery became more acute.

Birth of "Nona"

However, in those years the VDVthe BTR-D armored personnel carrier arrived. Unlike the same BMD (on the basis of which it was created), the new technology was much more load-lifting, since the old chassis was extended by one supporting skating rink.

Finally, specialists from the Central Research Institute of Precisionmechanical engineering, as well as the designers of the legendary Perm Motovilikha, taking into account all the negative experience of their colleagues, created a fundamentally new 120-mm gun 2A51. Its uniqueness was that on the basis of this armament it was possible to create a universal artillery system that would include the entire spectrum of the positive qualities of the mortar, cannons and howitzers.

A new self-propelled gun built on the basis of thisgun, was called SAU 2C9 "NONA C". It is widely believed that it received its name from some major designer's passion, but everything is much more prosaic: the name stands for "The New Weapon of Terrestrial Artillery."

Principal differences from other samples

Of course, the expression "There are no analogues in the world" filled up many people. But if we discuss the SAU 2C9 "NONA S", then this stamp is more than just.

Uniqueness (we repeat, this word is appropriate inThis case) of the system in question is that, having very modest dimensions, it provides excellent firepower on the battlefield, and moreover can be used as a replacement for several types of weapons at once! To begin with, the artillery system Nona allows not only confidently suppress enemy infantry, but even fight with enemy tanks. In many ways, such impressive characteristics of the automatic control system is due to the widest range of projectiles.

About used guns

What kind of projectiles can fire the installation of Nona, the characteristics of which will be listed below?

Particularly high-explosive fragmentationartillery equipment. The maximum range of fire is almost 9 kilometers, and because of the low (no more than 360 m / sec) initial speed and specific ballistics, you can shoot them with a "hitch-hanger". They showed themselves particularly well in Afghanistan, when the enemy managed to knock out from especially important passes, without even entering into direct fire contact with them. In terms of efficiency, these shells yield little to the howitzer analogues at 152 mm, widely distributed both in the army of our countries and among the states that are members of NATO.

Thus, the installation of "Nona", the photo of which is in the article, is really a unique example of weapons.

Mines

It is especially important (in conditions of specific operationsVDV) that the minimum possible range of use of such a projectile is 1.7 km, and mines - about 400 meters. Since the characteristics of the gun permit the use of standard 120-mm shells, paratroopers are available all their wide range. A conventional high-explosive mine, the Nona artillery mount can fire at 7.3 km. The huge plus of the gun is that it allows any 120mm foreign mines to be used without any alterations.

Projectiles

Among other things, the ammunition can includeactive-rockets. In their design, a jet engine is laid, which allows to fire for 13 kilometers. In this role, the installation "Nona", a photo of which is available in the article, can be effectively used for arming the units whose main task is to destroy heavy enemy armored vehicles.

It should be especially noted controlled jetshells that can be guided independently on the target by using a laser pointer. They hit tanks and other heavy equipment from above, into the most insecure part. The probability of destroying the target is at least 0.8-0.9. This type of ammunition was called "Kitolov-2." It can also be successfully used by SAU "Nona", a photo of which you will see in this article.

However, to combat armored vehiclesconventional cumulative projectiles are used. At an initial speed of 560 m / s, an acceptable accuracy of firing at enemy equipment at ranges of up to one kilometer is provided, and the ability to burn up to 600 mm of homogeneous armor allows us to state that with their help it is possible to defeat all modern OBRs of the probable enemy.

Features of the loading mechanism

Since the use of mines at significant angleselevations - a very laborious occupation for the crew, the loading mechanism was equipped with a special sending system, which operates on compressed air. Among other things, the capabilities of the module, which uses 2S9 Nona, are claimed after each shot for blowing the barrel, which significantly reduces the gassiness of the combat compartment, increasing the comfort of crew work.

Some technical specifications

Since the self-propelled gun was created taking into accountthe possibility of landing, the designers had to simplify the design as much as possible. As a material for the armor was used a special aluminum alloy, which, nevertheless, well protects the crew from weapons-machine-gun fire. Lightness and airtightness of the hull provide positive buoyancy, due to what "Nona" can independently force water obstacles.

Diesel engine power - 240 l / s, andhigh-quality and reliable hydropneumatic suspension allows the self-propelled gun "Nona" to accelerate on the highway to 60 km / h, and on the water - up to 9 km / h. Among other things, the controllability of the suspension allows, in the event of such a need, to lower the height of the combat vehicle by 35 cm.

Other varieties

After Afghanistan, it turned out that the artilleryinstallation "Nona" - a very effective weapon. The development was so much liked by representatives of different types of troops that they showed a desire to get something similar for arming all ground infantry formations of the Armed Forces. That is why the towed gun 2B16 SAU "NONA-K" was developed and put into service.

Thanks to the unique muzzle brake thateliminates up to 1/3 of the recoil energy, the gun turned out to be extremely easy. Its mass does not exceed 1200 kilograms. Virtually all parts of the implement can be folded, which greatly facilitates transportation or deployment in difficult conditions. A GAZ-66 car was intended for moving, but it was empirically proved that even a UAZ-469 could cope with its transportation on a more or less decent road. Since there are rollers at the ends of the beds, if necessary, the gun can move around the battlefield by the forces of its calculation.

Another chassis option

In Perm under the leadership of the most talented Yuri Kalachnikov in 1990 was created 2С23 "NON SVK".

For the chassis in this version is used BTR-80. In order to fit a new weapon there, it was necessary to completely rework the tower structure, actually creating it again. A big advantage was the impressive internal volume of the body of the armored personnel carrier, thanks to which it was possible to increase the portable ammunition 2S9 "Nona" immediately to 30 shots. In combat conditions, shells can literally clog the entire troop compartment, which further increases the value of this installation. In addition, especially for firing from closed positions in the design of the "NONA SBC" was included a mechanism for feeding projectiles from the ground.

Additional weapons

To provide additional firepower,To the tower, the designers additionally installed a PKT 7.62-mm machine gun, which the commander of the gun can remotely control. For additional armament of the crew, four “Igla” MANPADS, four AK-74 (or analogs), a half dozen grenades (RGD or F-1, depending on the situation) are included in the ammunition. Among other things, grenade launchers for smoke grenades are mounted on the tower.

Thus, “Nona” is a weapon that provides a solution to the widest range of combat missions that can be assigned to any infantry or airborne formation.

Positive features of the new chassis

Through the use of chassis BTR-80 succeededsignificantly improve the speed and maneuverability of the new machine. Firstly, the maximum speed was increased to 60 km / h, and the power reserve is now 600 km. In addition, the wheeled chassis of the BTR-80 is extremely reliable when deploying troops over long distances: the car can easily go all its own 600 kilometers without any damage or forced stops.

Among other things, the standard chassis is sharpreduces the cost of repair and training of personnel, the cost of operation is significantly reduced. By now, it has already been proven that vehicles based on the BTR-80 are 1.5-2 times cheaper to operate than the Nona based on the BRDM-1.

Mortar modification

Today created lightsemi-automatic mortar "NONA-M", which is charged from the breech. Its weight is such that the calculation can disassemble it in a few minutes and carry it either on its own or transport it to pack animals and light automotive vehicles. This makes the “Nonu-M” an indispensable weapon for wooded and mountainous areas.

conclusions

Today "Nona" has no analogues in the world bypower and flexibility of use in a variety of combat conditions. Since the machine uses almost the entire spectrum of common projectiles used by ground forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, its effectiveness is equally great in any theater of operations. The capabilities of the Nona batteries are such that they leave far behind the standard mortar calculations of motorized rifle units. Thus, “Nona” is a weapon that really has no analogues in the domestic troops.

In addition, all the developments that were used in the creation and modification of the “Nona” are actively used by our designers when introducing fundamentally new artillery systems.

Other self-propelled installations of Russia

You probably could get the false idea that the self-propelled installation "Nona" - the only weapon in this class, which is in service with our country. This is not true.

"Vein"

Analogue of the considered installation is "Vienna",in many respects similar to the described system. Unlike the "Nona", it was created on the basis of the BMP-3. As in the past case, armed with a 120-mm instrument. Alas, with all its advantages (enhanced protection of personnel, for example), “Vienna” is still present in the army in almost single copies.

What else are self-propelled artillery installations of Russia? In principle, they are not so few. Let's list the main ones:

• 2S19 Msta-S.

• 2S1 "Carnation".

• 2С3 "Acacia".

• 2S5 "Hyacinth" and 2S25 "Sprut-SD".

All the above samples, except"Sprut", - heavy howitzers, the main gun which has a caliber of 152 mm. Their tasks are somewhat different from those performed by self-propelled installation "Nona". So, their main purpose is shooting from closed positions or destruction of fortified enemy positions. For example, in Grozny in 1995, it was Msta-S installations that were effectively used to suppress enemy defense in depth.

All self-propelled artillery installations of Russiadiffer from their western counterparts in unification both with each other and with the T-72 MBT (and T-90, respectively). This circumstance provides both simple repair, and low cost of operation.