Integration Processes

Translated from Latin "integration" meansmerging, the combination of individual parts into a whole, a common, unified. The general definition of a term can be formulated as a union, convergence or fusion of parts, forming a common, unified whole, but at the same time maintaining its identity.

Countries can converge, forming at the same timevarious unions, for example, trade, economic, political, cultural and so on, thereby preserving their national identity. The main purpose of integration can be called the expansion of the volume of goods and services, which are based on the effective provision of activities, for example, integration processes in trade.

Integration also includes in its definitionprocesses and phenomena in different spheres of life of society and the state: political, cultural, economic and others. Integration processes in the modern world are examples of movement, the development of a certain system in which the communication of participants becomes stronger, and their independence decreases, new forms of interaction begin to appear. As before, and now, in the era of modern technology, integration processes are accompanied by significant progress in science, economics, culture and even politics.

The development of such processes in the modern worldmicro- and macrolevels are the most important sign of integration. At the micro level, integration occurs through the interaction of monetary funds of individual companies and enterprises through the formation of economic agreements, transactions and contracts between them, through the establishment of branches in other countries. Integration processes can also be created in other areas besides the economic one. At the macro level, integration is global and regional. It is based on the development of the world market, production and communications.

In the modern world in the economic spherethere are several forms and types of integration processes. One of the simplest forms is the free trade zone. In such a zone, various trade restrictions between the countries participating in the union are canceled, and trade duties are also lifted. The second form can be called the customs union. In it, in addition to the free trade zone, another foreign trade tariff is set, uniform for all, and foreign trade policy is being implemented with respect to other countries.

The third, more complex form of integrationprocess, it is a common market. It provides for the members of the union and free mutual trade, and a single foreign trade tariff, the freedom of movement of labor and, accordingly, of capital, as well as the coordination of economic policy. And, finally, the highest form of interstate integration in the field of economy is an economic and monetary union that combines all the above-mentioned forms of integration. At this stage, there is political integration with its unified governing bodies.

Along with integration processes there are also special associations, the feature of which is their successful development at the regional level.