The history of the Soviet automotive industry. Motorcycle "SZD"
In the history of the domestic car industry its nicheoccupy interesting cars - motokolyaski. Similar in principle to the actions of both cars and motorcycles, they are inherently not those or the other. The last representative of this class of cars was the "SZD" sidecar. She managed to survive in production until 1997. What is this unit, and why was it needed?
The need to create transport for the disabled
In the second half of the 20th century, the worldAutomobile industry developed by leaps and bounds. The streets of European cities were gradually filled with cars. In the Soviet Union not everyone had the opportunity to purchase a personal car. At the same time, the state still tried to take care of its citizens. Moreover, in the country that survived the terrible war, a large number of people with disabilities appeared. In this regard, the idea arose to create an inexpensive vehicle to meet the needs of this category of citizens. The car was supposed to get the body of a small car and the engine from a motorcycle. Wheelchair "CSD" became the crown of the evolution of such vehicles. Their distribution among citizens was carried out by social security agencies. They were issued for 5 years. After two and a half years, the machine relied on free repair. After the expiration of the operational period, the "SZD" sidecar was returned in return for a new one.
Historical predecessors
In 1952, the light appeared "S-1L". The body of the motorized wheelchair was shaped like an iron, because there was a rear axle with two wheels, and there was only one wheel in front. This can sometimes create difficulties when driving on a dirt road in inclement weather. The machine had to independently build a third track in the center. In addition, this distribution of control points has provided the wheelchair with poor stability. This represented a serious danger to the driver, since with the engine of 7.5 liters. from. The vehicle could reach speeds of up to 55 km / h. Nevertheless, the stroller gave its owner a certain comfort. A folding canvas roof successfully protected it from rain.
Model "S-3A"
In 1956, after a radical modernizationof the previous model, the "S-3A" motocycle was delivered to mass production. It was equipped with a motorcycle engine IZH-49, which already had 10 liters. from. Despite such a solid increase in power, the patency of the car did not improve. The stroller turned out to be too heavy (425 kg) and gluttonous (5 liters per 100 km). Not happy with the manufacturer and high cost model.
Skidder "SZD" - the last representative in the class
Disadvantages of the previous version of the constructorstried to correct in "S3D", which was released in 1970. The model was equipped with new hydraulic brakes torsion rear suspension and a new heating system of the cabin. The improved engine of a motocross car "СЗД" in 12 l. from. added her power. Instead of the canvas, the car received a metal roof. The length of the body was 2.6 m, and its weight - almost half a ton. In general, it can not be said that the SKD motor-car justified all the expectations of consumers. However, in history, undoubtedly, the trace of the very idea of how one can get a hybrid of a car and a motorcycle will remain.
