The system of the device of the world (Copernicus, Leonardo da Vinci)
Mankind has sought and continues to seek an answer to the question of its origin and the world around it.
Ancient understanding of the universe
In ancient times, knowledge of civilization was meager andsurface. The understanding of the nature of the surrounding world was based on the belief that everything was created by a supernatural force or its representatives. All ancient mythology bears in itself an imprint of the intervention of the Gods in the development and life of civilization. Because of the lack of knowledge of the processes in nature, man attributed the creation of all things to God, the Supreme mind, spirits.
Over time, the knowledge of man "raisedcurtain "of a hidden understanding of the surrounding nature. Thanks to outstanding scientists and philosophers of different epochs, the comprehension of everything around became more understandable and less erroneous. For many centuries, religion hampered and suppressed dissent. Everything that was not consistent with the understanding of "the creation of the world and man" was uprooted, and philosophers and naturalists were physically eliminated, to edification for others.
Geocentric system of the device of the world
According to the Catholic Church, the Earth wascenter of the world. This is the hypothesis put forward in the second century BC by Aristotle. This system of the device of the world has received the name geocentric (from the ancient Greek word Γῆ, Γαῖα - the Earth). According to Aristotle, the Earth was a ball in the center of the universe.
There was another opinion, where the Earthwas a cone. Anaximander believed that the Earth has the shape of a low cylinder with a height three times smaller than the diameter of the base. Anaximenes, Anaxagoras considered the Earth to be flat, resembling the table top.
Pythagoras and the spherical form of the Earth
In the time of Pythagoras, the main opinion was determined,that our planet is still a spherical body. But society, in its mass did not support this idea. It was not clear to man how he was on the ball and did not slide down, and did not fall off it. In addition, it was not clear how the Earth was supported in space. A lot of assumptions were put forward. Some thought that the planet was held by compressed air, others thought that it was at rest in the ocean. There was a hypothesis that the Earth, being the center of the world, is stationary and does not require any support.
The Renaissance is rich in events
Centuries later, the system of the device of the world in the beginning16 th century has undergone a serious revision. A large number of philosophers and scientists of that time openly tried to prove the erroneousness of the idea of people about their place in the universe and the nature of everything around them. Among them were such great minds as: Giordano Bruno, Galileo Galilei, Nicolaus Copernicus, Leonardo da Vinci.
Heavy and thorny was the way of becomingtruth and the acceptance by society that there is another system of organization of the world. The 16th century was the starting point in the battle for a new world view of outstanding minds with a general understanding of the people of that time. The misfortune of such a slow change in the understanding of society lay in the imposition by the religion of a single understanding of the nature of everything around, which was purely divine and supernatural.
Copernicus - the founder of the first scientific revolution
Long before the Renaissance, in the third century BC, Aristarchus admitted that there is a different system for the organization of the world.
His book, published in 1543, containedthe proof of heliocentrism (the heliocentric system implies the understanding that our Earth revolves around the Sun) of the world. He developed the theory of planetary motion around the Sun at the beginning of the Pythagorean principle of uniform circular motions.
The work of Nicholas Copernicus for a while wasis accessible to philosophers and naturalists. The Catholic Church realized that the work of the scientist seriously undermines her authority and recognized the scholar's work as heretical and discrediting the truth. In 1616 his works were seized and burnt.
The great genius of his time - Leonardo da Vinci
For forty years before Copernicus, another brilliant mind of the Renaissance, Leonardo da Vinci, in his spare time from other studies, sketched, where it was clearly shown that the Earth is not the center of the world.
Leonardo da Vinci with his labors made an understanding,that there is another system for the organization of the world. The 16th century proved to be a difficult period in the struggle between the understanding of the universe between the great minds and the established opinion of the society of that time.
The struggle of two systems of the device of the world
The system of the device of the world in the early 16th centurywas considered by scientists of that time in two directions. During this period, a confrontation between two types of outlook - geocentric and heliocentric - was formed. And only after almost a hundred years, the heliocentric system of the device of the world began to win. Copernicus became the founder of a new understanding in academia.
His work "On the rotation of the heavenly spheres" wasalmost unclaimed for almost fifty years. The society at that time was not ready to accept its "new" place in the universe, to lose the position of the center of the world. And only at the end of the 16th century the heliocentric system of the organization of the world of Bruno, based on the work of Copernicus, again excited the great minds of society.
Giordano Bruno and the true understanding of the universe
Giordano Bruno spoke out against the reigning in hisThe period of the Aristotelian Ptolemaic system of the device of the world, contrasting the Copernican system. He expanded it, creating philosophical conclusions, pointed to such some facts, which today are recognized by science as indisputable. He claimed that the stars are distant Suns, and that in the Universe there is an infinite number of cosmic bodies similar to our Sun.
In 1592 he was arrested in Venice and transferred to the Roman Inquisition.
The future of civilization is determined by its intelligence
For millennia, the accumulated experiencehumanity says that the knowledge received is as close as possible to the current level of understanding. But there is no guarantee that they will turn out to be reliable tomorrow.
Another key problem that is passing throughmillennium, is the process of deliberate distortion of information (like the Roman church in its time) to keep humanity in the "right" direction. Let's hope that the true intelligence of the human being will win, and will enable us to follow the civilization along the right path of development.
