How does it come about and what is zazhor? Exit from the gazebo

When one fine winter frosty day overstill not frozen river, fog grows, and ice floes and clods of sludge calmly swim with the stream, suddenly the water level starts to rise because of the condensing ice drift - the inhabitants of the coastal areas know that the time for the zeal has come. What is characteristic for this phenomenon and how to get out of it?

Description of the phenomenon

Since the beginning of the glutton very quickly surfaceThe river is filled with a continuous layer of floating ice. In places where there is a fixed ice cover, individual ice floes creep on it. Others, however, overturn, break and go deep. There are also those that are frozen, stopping at the edge, and it begins to move up the river. The water level is constantly rising. The river begins to flood the coastal territory. So the level reaches its maximum.

You can see what a zazhor is, at the end of autumn orin the first half of winter. A similar picture is often observed near the coasts of such large rivers with a rapid current, like the Angara, Amu Darya, Narva, Syr Darya and others. According to the frequency of floods due to gluttons and the magnitude of the rise of water, the two largest lacustrine rivers, the Angara and the Neva, occupy the first place.

The duration of the flood may beas a few days, and all winter. Most often this period lasts from 1 to 1.5 months. To see firsthand what a zazhor is, if you come to such places at a certain time. Residents of these areas, it happens, gets a lot of trouble. The poured water freezes, and it is punctured and taken out of the houses and sheds as ice.

Features of the phenomenon

It is due to sludge that there is zazhor. What is sludge? These are loose pieces of water ice and wet snow formed on the river in its upper sections. A special feature of the glacier is the formation of ice inside the water during the freeze-up. When the speed of the river is high, and the temperature is low, the water cools down over the entire depth. In-water ice at a temperature below 0 ° C emerges and forms a sludge (loose clusters).

Theoretically justify the formation of deepMany scientists tried to ice. For example, Gay-Lussac believed that the formation of such ice is due to the drift into the depth of the ice crystals that appear on the surface of the water and are the centers of crystallization. The scientist VM Lokhtin continued his investigations on the Neva and substantiated the possibility of formation of deep ice according to the Gay-Lussac theory under conditions of supercooling of the water mass throughout the entire flow.

Knowing what is zazhor, people try to take appropriate measures to protect residential buildings from flooding. But they are not always effective or remain only intentions without incarnation.

What contributes to the formation of a glutton?

When the bottom of the current freezes, the sludge appliedfrom above, it lingers and begins to build up under the cover of ice. This is especially observed at the edge and behind the polynya. The river as it opens its mouth and captures the entire ice and snow mass. This phenomenon is called "zazhor." Its formation is promoted by shallows, islands, boulders, narrowings, sharp turns. Zazhor promotes the formation of a dam. Water pours all adjacent areas. After freezing, they form ice.

What is the danger of zazhor? What to do, what measures need to be taken?

In this phenomenon, in addition to the danger of floods,trouble is borne by the ice packs (sometimes up to 15 meters in height) formed on the banks. They often destroy the structures standing in close proximity to them.

Zazhornye phenomena can last a long time, sothe consequences of them are serious. The water that spilled over the coastal territory freezes in meadows, in courtyards and around the neighborhood, creating difficulties for eliminating the consequences of the zazhora.

How to get out of a dangerous situation and prevent the formation of gluttons? It is necessary to conduct on separate sections of the river bed:

• straightening;
• clearing;
• deepening;
• destruction of ice by explosions (10-15 days before its opening).

The greatest effect will be the laying of charges under the iceto a depth of up to 5 times the thickness of the ice. A good result brings a mound to the ice cover of ground slag with the addition of salt (15-25 days before the opening of the river).