Drill spiral: description, application

In the arsenal of both home and professionalThe master must have many different tools. Drills are indispensable for the implementation of a range of works. Today there are many varieties of them. However, the spiral bit was most widely used. This is due to a number of its features and functions. The device of this tool, as well as the scope of its use deserve special attention.

General information

The drill bit is a cutting elementA tool that makes holes in various materials. There are many varieties of them. Select the type of cutter, based on the features and conditions of work. According to their characteristics drills for a perforator, drills should be harder than the material.

Assignment of drills is different. They can be used for processing metal, wood, concrete, glass, tiles. Each instrument, depending on the purpose, has its own characteristics.

Today, the spiral drill is the most widespread. It is also called screw. It has a cylindrical shape and has a number of design features.

Drilling device

The spiral drill has three main elements. This is the working part, the shank and the neck of the cutter. In the first department there are two spiral screw grooves. This is a cutting element. They also take the shavings off the workstation well. If the technique has this capability, it is precisely these grooves that provide the lubricant to the drilling area.

The working part consists of a cutting andcalibration department. The latter is also called a ribbon. This is a narrow strip that continues the surface of the groove on the milling cutter. The cutting department consists of two main and two auxiliary edges. They are located along the cylinder of the mill in a spiral. Also to this part is a transverse edge. It has a conical shape and is located at the end of the drill.

To securely gain a foothold in the machine or manualtool, the cutter has a shank. It may have a paw to remove a drill from a nest or leash. The latter provides the transmission of torque from the tool holder.

The neck is needed to exit the abrasive wheel when grinding the working part.

Product Features

Drills for punch, machine, which havespiral shape, today the most popular. This is due to their specific characteristics. They are well directed in the hole, and also have a large supply of re-sharpening. Due to the design features such a milling cutter easily removes chips and easily supplies lubricating materials to the work surface. These features make the presented variety of drills very popular.

For the correct designation of geometricparameters have their own notation. The diameter of the drill can be very different. However, the designations remain the same. The tip angle at the vertex is referred to as 2φ. The slope of the grooves is denoted by the letter ω, and the end transverse edge by ψ. The front corner in the drawings is referred to as γ, and the back angle is α.

All together, these indicators are called the drill geometry. It reflects the position of the grooves, the cutting edges, and their angles of inclination.

Varieties of the instrument

Classification of mills takes into account such an important indicator as the shape of the shank. It can be of the following varieties:

1. Cutter with cylindrical shank (GOST 2034-80).
2. Drills with a conical shank (GOST 10903).
3. Tool with a conical shank (GOST 22736).

To have the wizard able to perform allthe tasks assigned to it, the drill produces different types. In the first variant the milling cutter is fixed in a three-jaw chuck or other intended device.

Spiral drill with cylindrical shankcan be made in short, medium and long versions. Such a tool has 3 classes of accuracy: increased (A1), normal (B1) and normal (B). They can be manufactured in both welded and integral way. The shank should not have annular cracks, fissure or surface shells.

Conical varieties are attached directly to the spindle of the equipment or to the adapter sleeve (if the size does not match).

Conical Shank

In the manufacture of a conical shank milling cutterof the type used, several different standards are used. Drill spiral (GOST 10903) is applicable for products of normal length. This group also includes several more standards, which are used in the process of making long, elongated cutters. These tools can be produced with or without a neck. And its size is not regulated.

A milling cutter with a conical shank (GOST 22736)regulates the release of products with a diameter of 10-30 mm, which have a carbide plate. They can be performed in a shortened or normal form. The accuracy class for these products can be increased (A) and normal (B).

Drills with a conical shank with a diameter of more than 6 mm are made by a welded method. For narrower sections, one-piece manufacturing is allowed.

Drills for metal

In addition to breaking the cutters according to the shape principleShank, there is a classification regarding the processing material. The cutter can be designed for metal, concrete, there is also a wood drill. Spiral workplace is applicable for all types of material. The only difference is in the design of the instrument.

Depending on the type of metal, the typedrill. They are applicable for alloyed, unalloyed steels, cast iron, alloys, non-ferrous metals. Sometimes they are used to handle hard plastics. The durability of the product depends on the thickness and hardness of the working area. This is a universal type of tool. Drill for metal can fully drill a hole even in wood.

If the instrument is slowly submerged and stronglyHeats the material, it is required to sharpen it. If its diameter does not exceed 12 mm, the procedure is carried out manually. But for larger size cutters used for sharpening special equipment.

Drill for concrete

One of the most difficult materials to processis concrete. It requires the use of tools with special welded plates of hard alloy. They are called winners. Today, any carbide nozzle is called this way.

Such a tool during material processingleaves holes larger than the drill itself. This is due to his heartbeat. If a drill is used, the drill shank can be cylindrical. For a puncher, a different type of fastening is used. It's called SDS. There are several types. Such a system allows you to quickly change the nozzles in the perforator and other equipment.

To sharpen such drills is possible. However, care must be taken not to overheat the tool. Otherwise, the carbide plate may fall off.

Drill for wood

A suitable spiral drill bitare made of ordinary high-strength steel. Such material does not put forward serious requirements to the material of the cutter, its shape. This is the most common drill bit. Quite simply it is possible to screw into a soft wood or chipboard an ordinary samorez. This does not require the use of a drill bit. However, there are situations where one can not do without it.

If you want to make a hole up to 600 mmdepth, it is necessary to apply screw versions of the mill. Their diameter can be from 8 to 25 mm. Their length can be different. This is convenient if you want to make a blind or through hole. If required, use an extension cord.

During the drilling of a drill after several revolutions removed from the material purified by chips. Then they continue their work. Their length can be 300, 460 and 600 mm.

Having familiarized with the main characteristics andthe way a tool is used, such as a spiral drill, one can choose the right kind for himself. This is a very popular type of milling cutter. Their inimitable qualities, wide range of applications make them very popular.