Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy is a method of treatmenttumor diseases using ionizing radiation. It is created with the help of special apparatuses, in which a radioactive source is placed. The method is based on the fact that irradiation leads to the accumulation in the actively dividing cells of many mutations leading to their death.
The methods of radiotherapy are divided according tofrom the type of radiation. Thus, gamma-therapy or X-ray therapy can be used in the treatment. Depending on the location of the source in relation to the patient's body, there is contact, remote, intracavitary irradiation. The source can also be delivered to the tumor directly. This method is carried out using thin needles and is called interstitial irradiation.
It should be noted that radiotherapyrefers to an independent medical specialization. If there is a need to use a similar method of treatment, the oncologist specialist gives the patient a referral. The patient attends the consultation of the radiation therapist, determining the type of irradiation, the volume of the load, and the duration of the course.
The implementation of this treatment is aimed at providingmaximum impact on the tumor with minimal effect on healthy tissue. This condition is achieved when planning it. The expert accurately determines the location of the lesion in order to direct the beam to the required depth and in the desired direction.
When using the remote method in placeinfluence (on the patient's skin) is labeled. Areas around and other parts of the body are protected by lead screens. The duration of the procedure is several minutes. The number of sessions is calculated from the total prescribed dose of irradiation.
During the procedure, the patient does not experience eitherpain, nor any other sensations. Radiation therapy is carried out in a special room. During the session the patient is alone in it. The doctor watches the procedure from the next cabinet with the help of video cameras or through a special glass.
Taking into account the nature of the tumor process, the radiationTherapy can be used either in combination with chemotherapy or surgical treatment, or independently. This method of exposure has a local character and can be used in certain parts of the body. The results of treatment indicate a significant reduction in the size of the neoplasm or complete cure. In addition, radiation therapy for breast cancer significantly reduces the risk of relapse.
Complications after the course canbe noted only in the field of influence or have a general character. Before the beginning of the course it is necessary to check with the doctor about all the possible complications and possible ways to prevent them.
Side effects are manifested in accordance witharea of influence. So, for example, with irradiation of the chest or neck, there may be pain or difficulty in swallowing against the background of esophagitis. Exposure to the scalp may provoke hair loss.
Remote irradiation often causes peeling,itching, dryness or redness of the skin. Small bubbles may also appear. To prevent or treat such an adverse reaction, softening lotions or creams are prescribed. Often in patients after the procedure there is rapid fatigue and weakness. In such cases, you should adhere to the correct regime of the day, allocate time for day rest, observe the optimal caloric diet.
If there are any abnormalities in the state of health, you should contact a specialist. Most side effects can be mitigated or eliminated.
