Pressure in a child 10 years: the norm. Pressure table for children
Since not only the adult and elderly population,but also children, adolescents need measurements of blood and pulse pressure, many parents often ask the question: "What pressure does a child have 10 years old - the norm, and what is considered a deviation?" And if it's a baby, a preschooler or a teenager? What are their values? Let's try to understand the question of what normal pressure a child should have in different periods of his life.
What are the indices of heart rate and blood pressure?
The data of these two components allowcharacterize the state of the cardiovascular system of man. Deviations of indicators signal serious disruptions in the body. It can be both independent diseases, and consequence of other kind of developing illnesses.
The concept of blood pressure
This is the total blood pressure on the vessel walls. It has 2 main parameters: systolic (upper), it speaks about pressure at the maximum reduction of the heart at the time of blood ejection, and diastolic (lower), on the contrary, indicates pressure on the vessel walls when the heart muscle is as relaxed as possible. The difference between the upper and lower values is the pulse pressure index.
Do people have the same pressure?
In different periods of human life, measurementThe blood pressure shows different values. At the birth of a child, his pressure is low. The older it is, the higher its pressure, as the tonus of blood vessels increases over the years, their elasticity is lost. As a rule, the parameters of systolic and pulse pressure in the sum are 200.
Normal indices of pressure in children
Common average indicatorthe norm is considered to be 120/80 mm Hg. This indicator characterizes well-being in adults. Each has its own norm, which can be influenced even by such factors as life in urban or rural conditions, hereditary predisposition, the nature of nutrition (for example, a tendency to excessively salty foods). To use knowledge, which arterial pressure in children is considered the norm, you can resort to various formulas and techniques. They all provide universal indicators for children of different physique and constitution, whether for example, tall or short, thin or full-grown.
So how much pressure do the children have? For newborns and infants up to a year, the formula for systolic pressure is 76 + 2x, where x is the number of months of the baby. The diastolic is 2/3 - 1/2 of the maximum upper. To measure the pressure in children older than a year, resort to IM Voronin's formula: for systolic, this is 90 + 2x, diastolic - 60 + x, where x is the quantitative indicator of age in years. As an example, we give the pressure in a child of 10 years: the norm should be 110/70 (90 + 2x10 / 60 + 10). The lower limit of normal systolic pressure should not exceed 75 + 2x, the upper limit - 105 + 2x. The calculation is similar for the diastolic index: the allowable minimum is 45 + x, the maximum is 75 + x. Consequently, the pressure in a child of 10 years (the norm of permissible values) can range from 95-125 / 55-85.
Table of pressure in children of different ages (minimum and maximum permissible parameters)
| Age of children (years) | Pressure | |
| The upper | Lower | |
| Newborn | 60 - 96 | 40 - 50 |
| 1 month | 80 - 112 | 40 - 74 |
| 1 | 90 - 112 | 50 - 74 |
| 2 - 3 | 100 - 112 | 60 - 74 |
| 4 - 5 | 100 - 116 | 60 - 76 |
| 6 - 9 | 100 - 122 | 60 - 78 |
| 10 - 12 | 110 - 126 | 70 - 82 |
| 13 - 15 | 110 - 136 | 70 - 86 |
How correctly to measure pressure?
To determine what kind of pressure in childrenacceptable at a particular age, you should resort to a device to measure it - a tonometer (there is an automatic or semi-automatic device). Very popular at home electronic device. When measuring the pressure, the child's arm should be unbent, the palm is turned up. On the bare forearm at a 2-3-centimeter distance from the ulnar fold, a rubber cuff is fitted (so that the index finger fits freely). The phonendoscope is placed on the pulsating artery at the site of the elbow fold. The air in the cuff is pumped up to the disappearance of the pulse. When you open the valve and slowly lower the air from the cuff in the phonendoscope, you need to listen to the first and last sound tones, which will be respectively the indicators of systolic and diastolic pressure.
Measurement features
For more accurate measurement valuesarterial pressure in children is more correct to spend directly after a dream or a small rest, as motor and emotional activity contributes to the increase of parameters. Caffeine is capable of influencing the indices, so it is better to refrain from the products containing it at least an hour before the measurements are taken. For greater accuracy of the indications, it is better to purchase specially designed tonometer cuffs for children. For children of different ages, the width of the cuff will be different. So, it will be (in cm): for newborns - 3; for children under one year - 5; preschool children - 8; teenagers - 10. It is believed that the lower edge of the cuff can not be more than 2-3 cm from the ulnar fossa. In children up to 2 years old, the measurements are made in the supine position, for the rest of the age categories - lying, sitting, even standing. It should be understood that the measurement of blood pressure in children on both hands can give different indicators. It is better to measure 3 times, after a few minutes each, and in the same position. The correct value will be the smallest value obtained. Sometimes the increase or decrease in pressure can be a consequence of fear of visiting the hospital by the child, rejection of doctors in white coats. If your child does not complain of malaise, it makes sense to double-check him in a relaxed home environment.
And what if not the norm?
As a rule, up to the age of 5, the pressure yboys and girls is equivalent, at 5-9 years of age, the boys it is slightly higher. With an increase in the load on the heart muscle, systolic pressure is generally higher in all adolescents (12-14 years old in girls and 14-16 in children). Especially important is the increase in plump.
A few words about hypertension
Blood pressure above the maximum allowablenorms without obvious signs, for example, as a result of puberty rearrangement of the organism, stresses, insignificant motor activity, including in the open air, speaks of a possible primary hypertension. For the most part, this is not even a disease, but a certain reaction of the body to external signals.
High indices of the upper arterialpressure serve as an alarming sign, indicating violations of the thyroid function, anemia. If the upper and lower values are too high, it is worth checking the work of the adrenal glands, heart, CNS, and especially the kidneys. This is secondary hypertension. It is important to eliminate the cause of the primary disease. A good action to reduce pressure is the use of black currants.
Who is hypotension possible?
Conversely, low blood pressure or hypotensionspeaks of fatigue, weakness of the body, dizziness. Not as dangerous as high blood pressure. More typical for asthenics. It is observed in infections, starvation, shock conditions, fainting, heart attacks, etc. Restoring the norm can be hardened, sports, caffeine (in moderate doses).
Regardless of what kind of pressure the child has in 10 years - this is a norm or a deviation - in case of his poor state of health, one should definitely go to the doctor.
