Algorithm for emergency care in anaphylactic shock before the arrival of doctors
Everyone should know how to helpwith anaphylactic shock, the algorithm of which is repeated in most cases. Anaphylactic shock is one of the most severe manifestations of an allergic reaction. Emerging rapidly, it leads to acute disruption of blood circulation. Sharply drops blood pressure. The work of the heart is oppressed, respiratory function is disrupted. There is a lack of oxygen supply to vital organs. First of all, the brain and heart. Such a condition of the victim is called urgent, that is, life-threatening.
Therefore, help with anaphylactic shock, the algorithm of which everyone should know, must be done immediately!
The cause of anaphylactic shock
Anaphylaxis occurs almost instantaneouslyafter contact with a substance to which the victim already has intolerance. In other words, there has already been contact with this or similar in structure matter. And the immune system of this person can recognize it.
Usually eyewitnesses see the moment of directcontact of a person with an allergen. They can clearly indicate the doctors who came to the call, which preceded the reaction. Thus, rendering assistance with anaphylactic shock is most effective. This will help save the life and health of the victim.
Medical workers of any grade are studyingthe algorithm for providing emergency care for anaphylactic shock is mandatory. They should know it, regardless of their specialization (therapist, surgeon, dentist, etc.) and the category of medical school they graduated from (college, college, etc.).
But in a situation where the victim needs to behelp, can be absolutely anyone. Even a teenager or a schoolboy. In order not to get lost in a critical situation, it is necessary to know the cause that can cause anaphylaxis, signs of shock and a clear sequence of actions. Take into account that anaphylactic shock is eliminated from acute care, the algorithm of which must be strictly observed.
Substances-allergens that can cause anaphylaxis
Substances that get into the bodypossible development of anaphylactic shock, conditionally divided into four large groups. These include drugs, food, poison stinging insects, household chemicals and hygiene products.
- Medicines, regardless of the way they areadministration (tablets, injections, inhalations, etc.), can cause a pronounced allergic reaction, up to anaphylaxis. These include, in the first place, antibacterial drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamins and a number of others. Here you can include dietary supplements.
- Food products that most often causeanaphylactic shock, are fish and other seafood (including vegetable), nuts, mushrooms, fruits. In principle, an allergic reaction can be to any food containing an animal or vegetable protein.
- When you bite insects in the body also fallsubstances of protein nature - poisons. Some of them have very high toxicity, which, along with an immediate allergic reaction, can have a negative effect on other systems (nervous, respiratory, muscle). This can further aggravate the condition of the victim. Then medical care for anaphylactic shock should be accompanied by the introduction of antidotes to toxins.
- The means of household chemicals and hygiene that surround usare no less dangerous. Many detergents, cleaning and other auxiliary compositions contain biologically or surface-active substances (BASs and surfactants). They can cause a shock. Means of hygiene (household or medical gloves), as well as contraception (condoms, vaginal diaphragms) contain latex, which can also cause anaphylaxis. Moreover, the latter even indirectly, from a partner.
If you report that the victim has been in contact with one of these funds before the onset of an attack, help with anaphylactic shock and its algorithm will be much more effective.
The rate of development of anaphylactic shock
Anaphylactic shock is a very insidious condition. Its signs can appear in a few seconds or minutes, and a few hours after contact with the allergen. It directly depends on the nature of the substance that causes anaphylaxis, the way it enters the body and the level of sensitization of the human immune system that is sensitive to this substance.
Light form
It can manifest itself in dizziness, sensationheat, weakness. There may be a buzzing in your ears. Afflicted in consciousness, but can be disoriented. It can be troubled by a sense of fear. When measuring blood pressure, the figures are somewhat lower than the usual "working" values for a given person.
Average degree
Characterized by more severe symptoms. At the same time confusion is determined. The victim is retarded, disoriented. But when you contact, it retains the ability to respond quite intelligibly. The level of blood pressure is reduced by one-third or more from the "worker".
Heavy current
With this form of anaphylactic shock, the consciousness ofthe victim was lost. Skin pale, covered with sweat, is determined by cyanosis (cyanosis) above the upper lip. The indication of the tonometer is either minimal or absent altogether. Palpitation is quiet, slow. Breathing is difficult to determine.
If those who are near to the victim know these signs, then first aid may be provided for anaphylactic shock in full. And this will save a person's life and keep his health.
Atypical course of anaphylaxis
Approximately about a third of all cases of anaphylaxispasses through the stage of "imaginary well-being". This is manifested by a significant improvement in the general state after a mild or moderate degree of reaction. In the absence of proper therapy, a few hours and up to a day, there may be a sharp deterioration. This can lead to very sad consequences. Therefore, only having carried out clearly the whole algorithm of rendering emergency aid for anaphylactic shock, one can not be afraid to skip this option.
Sequencing
If the victim is conscious and ate something ordrank, you can try to induce vomiting. If the attack occurred in response to the effects of household chemicals, you should remove (deliver) the victim from the premises, ensuring the influx of fresh air. If you bite an insect, if the stinger remains in the skin, do not try to pull it out - there is a risk of crushing a capsule with poison in it.
It is better to apply a tourniquet above the injury site to a limb, and apply cold to the place. Cold can also be used when biting into other parts of the body.
Anaphylactic shock. Clinic. Urgent care
So, what do you need to know? If anaphylactic shock is suspected in the person listed above, the first aid, whose algorithm is represented by a clear sequence of actions, begins with the immediate elimination of the allergen action.
Next, dial the number "ambulance". For stationary devices, the number of the first aid service is still actual - 03. When calling from a mobile phone, the number may differ depending on the telecom operator. It is advisable to specify the emergency services numbers in the help desk of the network and insert them into the phone's memory into "hot keys".
Already quite a long time and successfully in the territory of Russia there is a center for a single rescue service. The call number 112 is available to any operator's subscriber and with a negative account balance.
The following action, carried out simultaneously witha call is an assessment of the severity of the condition of the victim and a determination whether this condition can be an anaphylactic shock or not. If the answer is affirmative, then the actions continue, as prescribed by the algorithm for emergency care for anaphylactic shock.
To assess the consciousness of the victim - cananswer questions: what is complaining about and what happened (what is the reason for this state). For mild and moderate severity, the victim usually can clearly name the cause.
Further, it is estimated how free breathing is. To ensure better patency of the upper respiratory tract, it is necessary for the victim to unfasten the collar (loosen the tie), remove the scarf, etc. If there is a loss of consciousness, sometimes the tongue is twisted. This mechanical obstacle to the air current can be eliminated by pulling the lower jaw, grabbing its corners with one hand, forward.
What can help the operators of emergency and emergency services or MES
Making a call and calling the brigade "ambulance"the person who helps will no longer feel lonely before the problem arises. This will already know and the doctors, hurrying to the rescue, and the dispatcher of the ambulance service or the Ministry of Emergency Situations. While waiting for the brigade, the dispatcher will help the helping person to calm down, concentrate and describe the condition of the victim.
Baby features of anaphylaxis
Children have anaphylactic shock, emergency care,the algorithm of its rendering has a number of differences. In the child's body, the relative content of the liquid is greater, the fiber is more friable, the mechanisms of self-regulation are not yet fully matured. All this leads to a more rapid development of edema.
In addition, children are very frightened of this state. This, in turn, increases the concentration of stress hormones in the blood, which narrow the already compressed airways and blood vessels. Accordingly, helping children with anaphylactic shock differ from helping adults. The child must be reassured before the arrival of doctors for partial recovery, normal functioning of the respiratory system.
Clinical manifestations in children in shock and first aid
It is usually not difficult to recognize in children.anaphylactic shock. First aid for children is also not difficult. At the child the skin turns pale, a cold sweat appears, the frequent pulse of weak filling and tension is felt.
It is explained simply. In a state of shock, the blood circulation is centralized, in which blood is redistributed to more important organs - the brain, heart, lungs, and kidneys. This is a kind of “life support quartet”, which is designed to keep a person in mind and not allow the body to die.
Principles of first aid for childrenboil down to three simple rules: properly put, warm and calm. Children are not prone to severe anaphylaxis, because they are conscious, although a little inhibited.
It is necessary to give the baby a position withraised legs to allow more blood to flow to the chest and brain. This will ensure sufficient blood supply to the vessels of the brain, heart and lungs. This will contribute to practically optimal blood flow and will prevent such serious complications as damage to cells of the tissues of organs during oxygen deficiency (hypoxia), the formation of blood clots in the lumen of the vessels.
It should also be noted that there is oftena sharp drop in blood pressure accompanying anaphylactic shock. The assistance algorithm in such a case prescribes the preservation of peripheral access. This means that when anaphylaxis develops from a moderate degree and higher, peripheral veins fall off, and then it is quite problematic for doctors to infuse them into them. The tourniquet placed on the shoulder with a slight tension will prevent the veins from descending, and it will be much easier to put in an IV line.
The child is shocked covered in cold sweat. From this comes a big loss of heat. Crumbs should be covered, creating a comfortable temperature for him. Maintaining the optimum temperature of the skin will ensure the normal movement of fluid from the bloodstream to the interstitial environment and back. This, in turn, reduces swelling, both general and local.
You can not leave the child alone! A frightened baby is already experiencing stress, and when breathing is difficult and in a situation that is incomprehensible to him, he will aggravate his condition even more.
For any manifestation of at least one of the signsshould immediately call an ambulance. The absolute indication for hospitalization is a “fast” anaphylactic shock diagnosed by a doctor. Emergency care for children, started on the call, continues in the intensive care unit. This is necessary for dynamic observation and adequate therapy. The possibility of an atypical anaphylaxis is especially taken into account.
Acute condition, in which there isthe threat not only to health, but also to the life of the victim, quite often causes panic in people who are close to the victim. This requires that one more point be added to the emergency care algorithm for anaphylactic shock. It is necessary to calm down, restore breathing and proceed prudently and accurately to rescue a person in distress.
