The structure of man. Intestine and its functions

At the lessons of anatomy, students study in detailstructure of the human intestine in pictures. And this is not surprising, because this body is not only the last link in the digestive system, which provides food withdrawal, but also performs a number of important functions for the human body. So, he supplies the necessary nutrients, provides the person with immunoglobulins. The total length of the intestine is approximately 7-8 m. Such an organ size does not surprise people who studied the structure of a person. The intestine is divided into separate sections, which have their own special (albeit similar) structure and functions.

Small intestine

At once from the stomach goes the so-called small intestine. Its total length is 4-5 m, but it is located inside the abdominal cavity with loops. The small intestine is divided into the duodenum, longitudinal and jejunum. In the beginning, the small intestine is approximately 3-4 cm in diameter, and at the end - 2-2.5 cm. The duodenum contains special openings - the outlets for the ducts of the gallbladder and liver. Nature took care that the structure of man was correct. The intestines can easily break down carbohydrates, fats and proteins thanks to this. For a day the human body produces about 3 liters of intestinal alkaline juice, which helps to cope with the digestion of food.

The structure of the human intestine assumes the presencepeculiar villi within the small intestine. They themselves contain small lymphatic and blood vessels, into which minerals, vitamins and other essential substances are absorbed.

A special emphasis should be placed on the protective functionsmall intestine. It concerns not only the production of immunoglobulins, but also the protection of a person from poisoning. The thing is that the intestinal walls contain lymph nodes that neutralize toxic substances.

Colon

The conclusion of undigested food helps to ensurethe ideal structure of man. The bowel plays a key role in this process. The department entrusted with this important mission is called fat. It consists of three more sections: the blind, colon, and rectum. Their total length is 1.5 m. The first of them continues the tube of the small intestine, but between them is placed a damper, which prevents the return of food back. The total length of the caecum is 8 cm.

It contains a very small (0.5 cm) processcalled appendix. In its walls is a large number of lymph nodes, and he himself is a natural antimicrobial barrier. The appendix reproduces intestinal sticks - an important component of the immune system. When the process is removed, the structure of a person is violated, while the intestine ceases to protect the body fully. There may be problems with the immune system.

Rectum and rectum

The intestine contains the colon, in whichformed fecal masses. Unlike the fine, it does not contain villi. It has more mucus, which helps the calves to move easily to the next section - the rectum. This site is not quite straight, since it contains an enlarged part called an ampoule. Ends of the intestine by the passage of the rectum into the anal canal. The frequency of the chair depends on many factors, but in the normal state it is 1 time in 2-3 days, or daily.