The Big Twenty (G20): composition. The countries of the G20
The G20 is an organization thatmany have heard. It unites the 20 key economic systems of the planet, located on different continents. This article will discuss the history of this association, its goals and objectives, as well as the relationship of Russia with other participants in this forum.
The year of the formation of the G20 is considered to be the 1999th. Since 2008, the organization regularly meets with its members. The penultimate - the Brisbane summit - was of particular interest to the world community. The G-20 was trying to solve several important problems.
G20: The Beginning
The G20 (or, briefly, G20) is an international association of global scale. It is attended by the world's largest economies.
Few people know that the original composition of the Great20 included not 20 states, but 33! However, a year later, in 1999, the number of forum participants decreased to the usual twenty today. Whether he will remain like this in future years - no one knows.
A peculiar impetus to the formation of the G20 has becomethe economic crisis of 1998, which swept through the whole of East Asia. And the consequences of this crisis felt on itself almost the whole of our planet. However, he helped leading players on the political map of the world realize the need to create such a global force that could prevent further such economic crises. And such an organization was established - it was the Big Twenty.
G20: goals and objectives
The constant, steady growth of the planetary economy is the main postulate and the main goal of this organization. And this stable increase should affect all countries of the world without exception.
Within the framework of the G20 structure, its members are trying to find adequate solutions to a whole range of topical problems:
- What are the best ways to stabilize the growth of the world economy.
- How to properly develop financial and social infrastructure.
- How to ensure the food security of poor countries.
- How can resolve many local and regional conflicts.
- How to "save" the ecology of our planet, etc.
A lot of energy and energy is spent by the G-20 countries and the search for solutions to the problem of corruption. They are also engaged in the implementation of many climate programs.
G20: list of countries
The international forum G20 is:
- 58% of the world area;
- about 60% of the total population of the Earth;
- 85% of the world trade.
Below are listed all the countries of the G-20 (which are members of the association to date):
- Canada.
- USA.
- Mexico.
- Brazil.
- Argentina.
- SOUTH AFRICA.
- Great Britain.
- France.
- Italy.
- Germany.
- Russia.
- Turkey.
- Saudi Arabia.
- China.
- India.
- Japan.
- South Korea.
- Indonesia.
- Australia.
Localization of all the above countries you can see on the world map below. It can be concluded that the members of the G20 are present on all the continents of the planet, except Antarctica.
But who is missing in this list G20? The twentieth member of the forum is the European Union as an organization. In addition, representatives of the IMF, the World Bank and the European Central Bank often take part in the G20 summits. This is the full composition of the G20.
Summits of the G20
The main form of activity of the G20 is the summit. The G20 is going to such meetings annually. Each year, they choose a new host country for the next summit. It also houses the secretariat of the organization.
At such meetings, as a rule,heads of state (presidents and prime ministers), as well as ministers of individual departments. The first G20 summit was held in 2008 in the US capital and was called anti-crisis. Obviously, it discussed the ways out of the global financial crisis of 2007-2008.
The G-20 holds its summits approximatelyonce a year (only in 2009 and 2010 there were two). Most meetings take place in the autumn: in September or November. Perhaps the most interesting interest in the history of the G20 was the Brisbane Summit of 2014. It will be discussed further.
Do not think that the whole work of the forum is reducedonly to the organization and holding of annual meetings. At the next summit, they discuss and approve a certain action plan, the implementation of which then continues in the work of various groups and profile divisions.
G20 and the Russian Federation
The issue of mutual relations in the "Big Twenty - Russia" system in recent years is of particular interest to the world community.
As you know, in 2014, Russia's membership in the G8 group was suspended. As a result, the G8 ceased to exist and returned to its original format - the G7 group.
Soon rumors spread in the world that Russiaare going to be excluded from the G20 too. Most of all, Australia was predisposed to this, which the day before was supposed to host the next summit in Brisbane. The government of this country accused Russia of being directly involved in a downed passenger plane Boeing-MN 17 in the sky over Eastern Ukraine.
However, after long discussions between the participantsthe Russian delegation was still invited to the summit in the Australian city of Brisbane. The main message of this decision was the following: the exclusion of Russia from the G20 will further aggravate an already difficult geopolitical situation in the modern world.
The Big Twenty in Australia (Brisbane Summit)
The so-called Australian G20 Summit (2014year) was held in Brisbane - a millionth city on the east coast of the country. The heads of state traditionally gathered for the annual meeting of the forum, which lasted two days: November 15 and 16.
The main topic for discussion was the militaryconflict in Eastern Ukraine, which began in the spring of the same year. In addition, countries paid special attention to the eternal problem of corruption. At the summit, in addition to the heads of 19 states, there was also Herman Van Rompuy - the chairman of the European Council. The meeting in Australia ended with the adoption of a joint action plan.
The main premise and outcome of the G20 summit in Brisbane
The Brisbane summit in 2014 took place against the backdrop of the general geopolitical instability on the planet. So, among the main topics of the meeting were raised such:
- the continuation of the civil war in Syria and the formation of IGIL - a new terrorist threat to the world;
- a new round of escalation of the Arab-Israeli conflict;
- active military operations in the Donbas and possible ways to resolve the conflict;
- The stagnation of the German and Italian economies, on which the stability of the entire European Union largely depends.
In addition, the Brisbane summit also discussed the problem of a worldwide fall in the price of "black gold", and again sought ways to stop the spread of Ebola.
To what outcome did the participants in this summit come? The main thing, what was decided to throw all the forces of the G20 in the next year, is a matter of world security. In addition, the G20 countries have set themselves a global goal: to increase by 2% of world GDP (until 2018). To do this, "the world's strengths" have planned to strengthen international competition and increase the amount of allocated investments in economic projects.
G20 summit in Antalya
The last G20 summit was held inTurkish Antalya. The meeting of world leaders took place against the background of the Paris terrorist attacks, which, of course, were immediately condemned. Obviously, the main topic of the Turkish summit was international terrorism.
Jean-Claude Juncker raised anothera sick subject - the problem of refugees from the zones of military conflicts. At the summit, a huge contribution was made by Turkey and Russia in the fight against the terrorist organization IGIL. Participants of the meeting did not ignore the traditional question of global economic growth for G20.
As you know, the next G-20 summit is scheduled to be held in China.
Conclusion
The G20 International Forum was established in 1999 with thethe goal of a joint search for solutions for many global problems of the modern world. At first, these were ordinary meetings of individual ministers. But over time, the Big Twenty began to hold major summits, to which the heads of the leading states of our planet were invited.
To date, the G20 includes 19 countries, as well as one organization - the European Union. The last G20 summit was held in Antalya, in November 2015.
