Pereslavl Museum-Reserve: description, history, features and reviews

Pereslavl Museum-Reserve is located inYaroslavl region. It was founded in the middle of the XVIII century in the buildings of the former monastery. The article describes the history of the Pereslavl-Zalessky Museum-Reserve, and also tells about the monuments that are on its territory.

Goritsky Monastery

In the XIV century in the territory of modernPereslavl Museum-Reserve was built a monastery. Historical information about him has remained a bit. It is known that in the Middle Ages he owned villages Voskresenskoye, Ermolovo, Kruzhkovo, Ilinskoe and others. In the twenties of the XVIII century there was a fire in which the archive burned down. In the fifteenth century for thirty years in this monastery served as Saint Daniel - the founder of the Holy Trinity Monastery. There is no other information about this temple. In 1744 it was closed and converted into the homestead of the then bishop. Forty years later the estate was closed.

For many decades, the former monasterywas in a deplorable state. The huge territory was covered with grass, covered with piles of rubbish. Among the objects that are part of the Pereslavl Museum-Reserve are only the gate, the southern fence and the Church of All Saints belong to the XVII century. However, the temple was completely reconstructed and lost its original appearance.

Foundation of the museum

Collection of collections for the Pereslavl Museum-Reserve began a few months before its opening, which occurred in 1919.

In the 1920s, art museums were brought to the museum.values ​​that once were in manors and monasteries. During this period everything that belonged to the temples was nationalized. A few years after the revolution, the museum also received a collection of paintings confiscated from the merchant Sveshnikov. The opening date of the museum is May 28. The picture gallery, the local lore and art department were placed in the building of the former spiritual school, which was located on the territory of a simplified monastery. This educational institution was closed under Catherine II.

Zapovednik in the Soviet era

In the early thirties, the local lore movementhas ceased to fit into the official ideology. The relevant departments in the museum-reserve were closed. Many specialists of local lore were sent into exile. M. Smirnov, an employee of the Pereslavl Museum-Reserve, did not escape this fate.

The Museum Center for many years fulfilledpolitical and educational functions. A new director was appointed, who previously worked for ordinary workers at the factory "Red Echo" and had no knowledge either in history or in local history. In one of the reports on the work of the museum, he called this complex, which previously included valuable works of art, "the forge of proletarian art." What does the director mean by this phrase is unknown, but for many years the museum, like other institutions in the Soviet Union, was an instrument of ideological propaganda.

The heyday of the Pereslavl-Zalessky Museum-Reserve inThe Soviet period fell on the fifties. In the clubs and libraries of the city, mobile exhibitions were held, at which samples of exclusively Soviet art that were stored in the reserve were demonstrated. In these years the collection of the museum is replenished with new expositions that fully correspond to the spirit of the times.

Some time in the territoryThe Pereslavl-Zalessky State Museum had a photo exhibition. In addition, a series of postcards, designed primarily for visitors to the city, was issued. The photographs depicted picturesque Pereslavl landscapes, ancient monuments of architecture.

Today, the reserve is locateda huge apple orchard. The museum staff laid it in the fifties. This event, of course, pursued not only aesthetic goals. Here there were quite rare frost-resistant varieties of pears and apples. Annually, the museum staff collected several hundred kilos of fruit.

After the war in the museum-preserve wasa new hall dedicated to the participants of the Second World War was opened. On the walls were portraits of Budyonny, Stalin, Vasilevsky, Konev. However, they did not hang here for long. A year after the opening of the hall dedicated to the Great Patriotic War, the museum-reserve accepted as a gift a collection of paintings by one of the local artists. Every year the number of excursions increased. And in 1957 the widow of Michael Prishvin gave the preserve personal belongings of the writer.

What does the Pereslavl-Zalessky Reserve look like today? What are the reviews about this unique museum area?

"Silver pantry"

The museum has many interesting exhibitions. Among the expositions is called "Silver pantry", in which a large number of works of Russian decorative and applied art are collected. Here you can see jewelry made in the sixteenth century. They were miraculously saved in the twenties of the last century. The exposition "Silver Pantry" was opened in the late eighties. And after twenty years the collection was complemented by works of Moscow goldsmiths and silversmiths. The entrance fee to this department of the museum is 100 rubles.

"Wreath to Manors"

This exposition is dedicated to the staff of the museum,thanks to which many collections were preserved in the early twenties. Here are stored and family portraits, and household items, which almost 100 years ago were taken from nearby estates. Most of the collection was preserved thanks to the first museum workers - Smirnov and Elkhovsky. The price in this room is also 100 rubles.

"Old Russian Painting"

This collection includes works of painting,created in the 15-19th centuries. It is worth emphasizing once again that most of the cultural monuments that visitors of the museum can see today are preserved thanks to a small number of enthusiasts, professional art historians and amateurs who saved valuable exhibits at their own risk in the early 20s.

Pereslavl-Zalessky in ancient times was the centericon painting. There worked a lot of masters, few of which, fortunately, survived to our days. They painted icons not only for the temples located in this city, but also for the Moscow monasteries. The exposition "Old Russian Painting" includes works created by Fedot Protopopov, as well as representatives of the icon painting dynasty Kazarinov. The entrance is 160 rubles.

"Russian painting of the 18-20th centuries"

The basis of this collection was laid in the middleXIX century. Basically, it consists of works of art, owned by the merchant Sveshnikov. Namely, the pictures of Shishkin, Kamenev, Dubovsky, Polenov. According to reviews about the Pereslavl-Zalessky Museum-Reserve, this exposition is one of the most interesting. And the visitors assure that not only pictures of famous artists are worthy of attention, but also works related to the genre of the provincial portrait, created in the 18-19th centuries. The entrance fee is 160 rubles.

Branches

Today, more than eightyexhibits. There are exhibitions devoted to icon painting, wooden sculpture, Russian painting. Address of the Pereslavl Museum-Reserve: Museum Lane, house 4. One of the exhibition halls is located on Rostovskaya Street, in house 10. The museum includes the Transfiguration Cathedral, the Ganshin Museum-Estate, the Botik Peter I Museum-Estate, the Picture Gallery Kardovsky.

Transfiguration Cathedral

In the northeastern part of Russia among the white-stonemonuments this temple is the most ancient. The thickness of the walls is about one meter. The appearance of this one-domed church is rather reserved, strict. The history of the Transfiguration Cathedral begins in the middle of the 12th century. Then it was painted with frescoes. Probably had a more festive look. But with the restoration, carried out in the 90 years of the 19th century, the frescoes were removed and packed in a box. There they were stored for many years in absolute disorder.

From a historical point of view, this cathedral is quiteinteresting. And not only because he is one of the most ancient white-stone churches. Many princes were baptized here, including Alexander Nevsky, who, as is known, was born in Pereslavl.

Botik of Peter I

According to one version, this museum is the mostancient in Russia. It is a branch of the Pereslavl Museum-Reserve and is located in the village of Veskovo. At the end of the 17th century, Peter the Great laid the shipyard in the territory of the future museum. Here boats were built for swimming along the Pleshcheyev Lake. The opening of the flotilla was accompanied by a grand celebration. This event was the first step towards the creation of a fleet. Unfortunately, the ships did not survive. Until now, the only botch made by the tsar himself has survived.

Ganshin Museum-Estate

Here was once the estate of representativesknown in Pereslavl merchant family. But the construction became famous thanks to Vladimir Lenin, who created his next opus here. In 1894, the future revolutionary here reflected on the fate of the proletariat. And sixty years later the employees of one of the local factories installed a commemorative plaque on the estate. In the early nineties, like other museums, the estate was closed. Serious restoration works were required, which were not included in the plans of the local authorities. Museum exhibits have survived thanks to a small number of enthusiasts.

Reviews of the Pereslavl Museum-Reserve, as well as aboutthe city in which it is located, enthusiastic. It is located just 140 km from the Russian capital. Pereslavl, rich in historical architectural sights, is visited with pleasure by Muscovites, residents of other cities, and foreign tourists. The main advantage of these places is an amazing combination of ancient temples with picturesque landscapes.

Reviews

The entrance fee for the reserve is 20rubles. You can buy a ticket for 400 rubles, which involves visiting all the exhibitions without exception. Those who visited Pereslavl more than once, recommend using this service. The only drawback of the museum-reserve is the lack of public catering facilities, except for tents with almonds in sugar and roasted chestnuts. According to reviews, the reserve has an unusual spirit of antiquity and Russian culture. Visit the museum, located within the walls of the former monastery, will be interesting to everyone who is interested in the history and culture of Russia.