Electric welder of manual welding: grades, job description, instruction on labor protection, duties

To connect metal parts of machines,mechanisms, devices of building structures and building carcasses without additional fastening devices, electric welding is used. Works on the erection of metal structures are performed by electric welders of manual welding. The level of working skill depends on the quality of the connection on new products and when performing repair work.

Inaccuracies and negligence committed in the work,lead to premature destruction of structures, accidents on a large scale. The specialist understands the specific features of welding, knows the essence of the process, uses new methods and complex techniques in the work. Electric welders of manual welding work on those facilities where the automatic units can not be used.

The process of welding two metal surfacesconsists in melting by means of an electric arc of the upper layer into which the substance of the electrode penetrates. After cooling, a strong metal seam is formed. The services of an electric welder are required in almost every organization or enterprise.

Qualities and skills of the electric welder

Specialty welder is complex andTherefore, before applying for a job, a person undergoes a medical examination within the established framework to identify health problems. Job seeker understands that this is a difficult profession. Welding welder has the following qualities:

• perseverance and hard work achieve the set goals in the work;
• is hardy in psychological and physical terms;
• patiently endures a long stay in uncomfortable poses and in enclosed spaces;
• has by nature or develops visual perception, vision, knows how to determine the size by eye;
• knows how to deftly and accurately move;
• without fear works at height;
• works accurately and accurately.

Contraindications to the profession include: diseases of the osseous system, rheumatic complications, respiratory ailments, allergic manifestations, increased blood pressure, visual impairment, uncertain movements and tremor of extremities.

Specialist tools and supplies

1. Convenient and high-quality electrode holder (easy to carry - up to 0.5 kg).
2. A mask on the head or a welder's shield to protect the eyes and face from infrared rays.
3. Cables for connecting the device to the source of electric current and for creating a working arc.
4. Electric welders for manual cleaning use metal brushes for cleaning the surface.
5. Hammer for chipping slag from the seam.
6. Chisel for removal of weld defects.
7. Ruler, gon, roulette, a set of templates.
8. Special Welder Clothing.

The complexity of the work

In welding there are certainviolations of the process, expressed in the appearance of strain stresses from various causes. It contributes to deformations partial intermediate heating of the joint, its shrinkage, incorrect change in the structure of the welded site and much more. The manual welder manual welder provides for the use in the project of the production of works, where the design solution of the welding unit is indicated.

To combat technologicalprocess, the method of equilibration of deformation is applied, rigid and strong fastening of parts, preliminary annealing, temperature corrections of the product after the end of welding. For various reasons internal and external defects, cracks, violation of the seam geometry, pores on the surface, undercuts appear.

All integrity violations affect the quality of the jointconnection of the product, a highly qualified welder tries to avoid the violation of technology in work. The violations that appear are necessarily corrected. Some defects are corrected without cutting the seam, others repeat the weld after mechanical removal of the failed connection.

In the duties of the electric welder of manual weldingincludes a thorough inspection of the quality of the joint, identification of defects with allowances for tolerances, in accordance with the rules and regulations. If there is a lack of compliance with the specifications, the welder corrects poor-quality work.

Manual for the protection of labor of the electric welder of manual welding

The welder starts by checking the workerthe condition of the unit, the insulation of the electricity supply cable and the condition of the electrode holder. Next is the arrangement of the workspace for the work and listening to the safety instructions at the work site.

Before starting work with the welding machinethe protective earthing of the body of the unit and the secondary winding of the motor is checked, without this the work does not begin. The electric welder of the manual arc welding ground the working surface in the form of a metal table. To protect others, the welder installs shielding panels of non-flammable material.

Work of the electric welder of manual arc weldingis associated with the danger of electric shock, so welding in wet, damp rooms and on metal surfaces is always performed while standing on a rubber mat under your feet. It is mandatory to put on rubber shoes (galoshes, boots), rubber gloves are used. Eyes are protected with welder's glasses or a special mask.

The primary power supply circuit is not made longmore than 10 m. Work on the territory with flammable substances is carried out in accordance with the instructions for special welding conditions. Repair of vessels of flammable substances is done after cleaning their surfaces with washing with warm water.

The working electrical cables are arranged so that,that do not concern metal objects, heated pipelines. Do not weld the walls of pipes in the system under the pressure of water, gas, oil, etc. Breaks in work are done after disconnecting the device from power and removing the voltage from the electrode holder.

Welding welder allowed toWork, if he has a qualification level not lower than the second. Work inside closed tanks, tanks and other containers is made only in pairs, work begins after providing a natural or installation of forced ventilation of the workplace.

Welder's overalls correspond to the norm andis in working order. The material is a thick, dense fabric of a non-combustible type, which does not melt from sparks, - ideally a canvas. A warm hat is chosen without a visor that interferes with the proper placement of the working mask. Shoes are worn with a dull top, preventing a burn from sparks, it is fitted in size and tightly laced. The canvas mittens are put on so that the sleeve of the jacket is covered.

Non-compliance with safety regulations results in various occupational injuries:

• burns;
• lacrimation;
• electric shock of varying degrees;
• poisoning with vapors of zinc, silicon, lead, manganese, nitrogen;
• traumatic injuries from explosions;
• gamma-particle irradiation during suturing.

Measures against fires

Welding arc welderobserves fire regulations and rules. He does not start work until the workplace is provided with fire fighting equipment: a box with sand, shovel, buckets and a fire extinguisher.

In the workplace or in the immediate vicinityit does not store explosive and flammable substances, flammable materials, wooden structures must be protected with sheets of metal or asbestos. After the work is finished, the remains of the open fire are checked and no fires are left.

Job description for the welder

A qualified electric welder is included in thecategory of specialists. Reception of the employee to the enterprise and dismissal from the position held is made by the head of the department in agreement with the immediate supervisor. Below we list the main competencies, rights and duties of the welder, set out in the job description of the specialist.

Welder knowledge

To obtain the qualification of a specialist, a welder has certain skills and knowledge. Welding electric welders know:

• properties of titanium alloys, their variety and physical properties;
• kinematic device of automatic and semi-automatic welding units, general information on electronic control stuffing;
• data on the susceptibility to corrosion damage of different metals and the causes that cause it;
• methods for testing finished welded products;
• types of temperature processing of seams and joints;
• general principles of suture metallography.

Official duties

The manual instruction of the electric welder of manual welding defines the terms of reference within which the welder's work is carried out. The specialist performs work in different areas.

Carries out gas, arc and plasma weldingvery complex hardware units, parts and structural components of pipelines from the used steels, nonferrous metals, cast iron. Works with alloys intended for use in high-pressure dynamic and vibrating structures.

Performs gas and arc welding dynamicallyworking construction and other structures. It applies automatic welding for joining parts from alloyed, titanium alloys on complex modern machines. Produces mechanized welding of structural components of pipelines, connections of buildings operating under vibration. Welds ceilings and joints on a vertical wall.

The rights of the electric welder of manual welding

At each enterprise, in accordance with the norms,the electric welder of manual welding, whose work intersects with other specialists, is entitled to certain rights. Subordinated employees receive orders from him in the field of issues falling within his competence.

The specialist supervises the execution processassignments, monitors the timing of the fulfillment of orders of his subordinates. The electric welder has access to all necessary materials, documents on the nature of his activity and the work of his subordinates. The employee interacts with the technical support services of the enterprise and the production departments.

Has the right to familiarize himself with orders anddecisions of managers on their own activities. Offers innovative ways to improve welding techniques and brings them to the competent services. Based on the results of the work done, he suggests to the head a list of employees who have distinguished themselves in their work, and also asks to consider the issue of punishing offenders. Reports to the immediate supervisor about all unplanned changes in technology and the shortcomings that have arisen.

Welder's responsibility

The welder within the limits of the legislation is responsible for the following actions:

• poor performance of work or failure to perform official duties, violation of internal regulations at the enterprise;
• legal violations provided for by criminal, civil and administrative law;
• damage to the material plan;
• non-observance of a commercial secret of the enterprise and confidentiality;
• failure to comply with the rules and regulations of safety and labor protection.

Welder of the 3rd category of manual electric welding

The specialist performs manual and arc plasmawelding, makes the seam of medium complexity, makes nodes from carbon and structural steels, colored raw materials. Works in any position of the selected connection, except for the ceiling. Makes oxygen cutting parts of medium complexity of alloyed steels and iron with low carbon content, non-ferrous metals. It fuses the worn parts of the tool from structural and carbonaceous metal.

Knowledge and skills determine dischargeselectric welder hand welding. The specialist is well versed in the device of electrical welding machines and welding equipment cameras, knows the requirements for the quality of the seam and the surface of the parts after cutting. He is able to distinguish the properties of electrodes of various types, and he knows techniques for determining the quality of the suture. The worker understands the causes of the internal stresses of the structure and prevents them.

Welder of the 4th category of manual electric welding

The worker of the 4th category performs plasma weldingdetails, designs, pipelines of average complexity from cast iron, non-ferrous alloys, carbonaceous metal in all positions, including the ceiling location of the seam. Makes cutting of cast iron, non-ferrous metals, special steels, high carbon alloys. Able to weld heated pipes and containers, chipped machine parts, assemblies, tools. Understands complex drawings.

He knows the principle and schemes of electric welding equipment, the features of work with alternating and direct current devices, the technology of welding in chambers, the fundamentals of electrical engineering, the mechanical characteristics of metals.

Welder of the 5th category of manual electric welding

Produces manual plasma and arc weldingComplex units, structures and assemblies of pipelines of various grades of steel are allowed to join building structures operating in difficult conditions. The job description of the electric welder of manual welding of 5 discharge indicates that the specialist performs welding of block structures in any position of the seam. It makes the correction of defects of complex nodes by fusing the missing parts. The welder reads complex drawings of spatial structures made of metal.

Welder of the 6th category of manual electric welding

The welder specializes in compounding complexassemblies and apparatuses, pipelines of any type of steel or alloy, are allowed for the construction of dynamic cores of buildings and technological vibration structures. Welds seams in experimental structures made of metals with poor weldability, titanium and its alloys. Knows the design scheme of the working equipment.

Uses knowledge of mechanical workproperties of metals, types of damage from corrosion, the causes of their causes. Applies in practice the basics of metallography of the seam and heat treatment of joints.

In conclusion, it should be noted that the workThe welder is complex, it depends on the work of structures without accidents and breakdowns. The specialist has good health and is allowed to work after the delivery of certain standards.