The theme of freedom in the lyrics of Pushkin: composition. The evolution of the theme of freedom in Pushkin's lyrics. The theme of freedom and slavery in Pushkin's lyrics
Many generations of literary scholars have been studying the theme of freedom in Pushkin's lyrics. Let us begin our discussion with a general interpretation of the lyrics.
In its essence, it is a secondary subjective reality. Lyrics - this emotional and colorful retelling of a person certain events through the prism of their feelings, emotions, impressions.
Let us continue our reasoning,that such a man will be Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin: a genius who is in love with Russia, has a phenomenal creative imagination, an unrivaled poet and linguist ...
In this case, his lyrics, dedicated to the theme of freedom, can not simply mobilize, it becomes a banner. And indeed it is! What do you think whose poems were recited by the Decembrists?
Freedom is familiar to Alexander Sergeevich since childhood
The theme of freedom was close to Pushkin, proceeding from the veryits essence. This is a unique person who became a poet of the will of God, who himself breathed this freedom, which created exclusively by inspiration, which throughout his short life did not violate any of its principle!
The theme of freedom in Pushkin's lyrics on the originalstage of his work sounded according to the style that the poet at that time followed - romanticism. Note that internal freedom as a character trait deeply corresponded to his personality. The love of the future classics was formed in childhood: an unloved son in the family, he was left to himself. At the same time, the mother drilled his sister, and the father - his brother. A miracle happened, because of which all of Russia should hang a bow to Arina Rodionovna, the nurse of a small genius: the boy's natural interest in folk tales and epic novels gradually grew into adherence to art, to the inner need to create ...
A young poet elevates freedom to the principle of creativity
At the stage of early creativity, the theme of freedom in the lyricsPushkin sounded in the context of the romantic, probyronov style, which he initially followed. Thus, in the poem "The Poet" for the author, the "free mind" of the poet (that is, what is now called the freedom of creativity) is the measure of freedom. According to the young poet's conviction, the ideal creator of poetry lives solely by his feelings and is absolutely autonomous in relation to society.
In the poems dedicated to N. Ya. Plyuskova, the theme of freedom in Pushkin's lyrics is identified with the moral principle: do not grovel before the "earthly gods" and do not swing "censer of flattery." That is, according to the graduate of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, freedom of creativity initially does not accept anyone's instructions, what to write and how to write.
The need for freedom of the people-winner
The original Byronian understanding of freedom by a poet could not be final. The reason is the dynamism of the era.
Alexander Sergeyevich absorbed in adolescencethat patriotic rise of the Russian people, who accompanied their victory over the French conqueror. The best intellectuals have already realized what productive potential of the peasantry of Russia is not involved in its development due to slavery. That is why the evolution of the theme of freedom in Pushkin's lyrics is traced. Against the background of the titanic action of war, the self-satisfied pride of conquerors, the heroism of not only professional Russian officers, but also thousands and thousands of peasants, Byron's freedom now seemed to the classics unconvincing. After all, it was the desire of hundreds and hundreds of thousands of Russian people to raise the cudgel of the people's war and bring down the Invincible Armada on their heads.
The poet comes to an understanding of the impossibility of gaining real freedom by a person outside society, changing only himself.
Ode "Liberty" - a testimony of Pushkin's service to social freedom
Speaking in essence, the theme of freedom in Pushkin's lyrics,shifted to social accents, first appeared publicly in the clothes "Liberty." Its author shows no longer an aristocratic, but deeply popular, civil position stating that before God both serfs and nobles are equal.
Alexander Sergeevich dreamed that slaverywas not on the Russian land. To accomplish this act of justice, according to the poet, should educated people who knightly fulfill the mission of serving the Motherland ...
Appears hammered syllable. The poet appeals directly to his like-minded people (people with the ideology of the Decembrists).
Pushkin is the author of the anthem of the Decembrists
Previously melancholy sounded the theme of freedom andslavery in Pushkin's lyrics - romanticism - acquires a political color. It can not be in any other way. He is deeply impressed by the meeting with Pestel, his acquaintance with Pushchin, the brothers Turgenev, Muravyov. Now he is sure: the whole way of life of society should be changed. Alexander Sergeevich, like his Decembrist friends, felt an obvious dissonance in that the winning soldier, returning home, again becomes a serf slave. He adamantly, step by step, line by line approaching realism ...
He was instructed to prepare an edition of the political magazine of the society, with which the poet coped. Ideological positions of the Decembrists classics laid out in the poems "Village" and "To Chaadayev."
And now in the poem "Village" in the creativethe style of the poet appears something new, concrete, realistic ... Alexander Sergeevich clearly shows who really really needs the most help from the advanced aristocracy and the intelligentsia: an impoverished and formally equated farmer working on Russian soil. The theme of freedom and slavery in Pushkin's lyrics goes into abstract, extremely concrete, realistic poetic forms. How figuratively and concisely the poet speaks of the antagonism of the tyrant-landlords and the completely disenfranchised serfs: "Slavery is skinny along the brasms of an inexorable owner!"
The poem "To Chaadayev" is considered to be the anthem of the Decembrists.
There is also a call to replace the monarchy, and faith inthe future of Russia, "pulled up from a dream." The poem had a tremendous impact on the minds of young people. It spread throughout Russia by rewriting. By the decree of Emperor Nicholas I the poet-troublemaker was exiled. Obviously, in addition to the two above-mentioned, Pushkin wrote a number of other prosekabist works. However, they remained unknown, having sank to oblivion: by the order of the emperor they were withdrawn from the investigative case and burned.
Decembrists saved Pushkin from repression
According to the reminiscences of the classic himself, fromthe execution in one party with five of the same executed Decembrists was saved only by the absence of December 13-14, 1825, in St. Petersburg. Otherwise, on his personal confession to Emperor Nicholas I, he would also be on the Senate Square ...
Did this happen by chance? Hardly. The Decembrists knew that in case of failure they are expected to be repressed. And they saved their Banner. And the banner was Alexander Sergeyevich.
The poem "Monument" - Pushkin's certificate of service to freedom
Skupy information on how to develop the themefreedom in Pushkin's lyrics further. Creativity of the poet is under the hood. Now, for the publication of any of his writings, a personal visa of Nicholas I or the chief of the gendarmes of Benckendorff is required. Fate saved him from exile, although, according to the memoirs of his contemporaries, he wished to share the fate of his exiled friends. The fiery lines that he managed to convey "into the depths of the Siberian ores" have survived to this day, testifying to the poet's unshaken faith in the Decembrist ideals of freedom.
In the poem "Monument" finds its logical conclusion the theme of freedom in the lyrics of Pushkin. Writing a similar work traditionally could afford Poet No. 1 in the state.
The beginning of such a literary tradition was oncelaid still by the ancient Roman poet Quintus Horace Flaccus. Like him, Pushkin commensurates his immortality with the might of his country, the empire. Like Horace, Alexander Sergeyevich emphasizes that his work also served as Freedom, imperishable human value.
