F.J. Haydn. Biography of the composer
Haydn rightly considered the ancestor of several directions at once: a modern orchestra, a quartet, a symphony and classical instrumental music.
Josef was born in a small Austrian townRorau. All his ancestors were artisans and peasants. Josef's parents were also ordinary people. My father traded in coach business. Mother served as a cook. Musicality the boy inherited from his father. Even as a five-year-old child, he attracted attention, since he had a sonorous voice, excellent hearing and a sense of rhythm. At first they took him to a church choir in the town of Hainburg, and from there he found himself in the chapel at S. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna. It was a great opportunity for a boy to get a musical education. He stayed there for 9 years, but as soon as his voice began to break, the young man was fired without any ceremony.
J. Haydn. Biography: composer's debut
From this moment on, Josef started completelya different life. For eight years he was interrupted, giving lessons in music and singing, playing the violin on holidays, or even just on the road. Haydn knew that without education, it would not be possible to break through further. He independently studied theoretical works. Soon, fate brought him with the famous comic actor Kurtz. He immediately appreciated the talent of Joseph and invited him to write music for the libretto, which he composed to the opera "Crooked Devil". The writing did not reach us. But it is precisely known that the opera was successful.
J. Haydn. Biography: Marriage
During the service of Count Morzin, Josef became friendswith the hairdresser IP Keller and fell in love with his youngest daughter Theresa. But before the marriage it did not come. According to unknown reasons, the girl left her father's house. Keller suggested Haydn to marry his eldest daughter, and he agreed, which he often regretted more than once.
J. Haydn. Biography: the service of Prince Esterhazy
The threat to remain without a fixed salary for longhung over the composer. Almost immediately he received an offer from Prince PA Aestergazi, the patron of the arts, even richer than the former. Haydn held his post of conductor for 30 years. His duties included the management of singers and orchestra. He also had to compose symphonies, quartets and other works at the request of the prince. Most of his operas Haydn wrote during this period. In all, he composed 104 symphonies, the main value of which lies in the organic reflection of the unity of the physical and spiritual principle in man.
J. Haydn. Biography: a trip to England
The composer, whose name became known far beyondoutside the homeland, still nowhere, except Vienna, did not leave. He could not do this without the permission of the prince, and he could not stand the absences of the personal conductor. At these moments, Haydn felt his dependence is particularly acute. When he was already 60 years old, Prince Esterhazy died, and his son dissolved the chapel. To his "servant" had the opportunity not to enter the service to someone else, he appointed him a pension. Free and happy Haydn went to England. There he gave concerts, in which he was a conductor in the performance of his own works. Absolutely all of them passed with triumph. Haydn became an honorary member of Oxford University. He visited England twice. During this period he composed 12 "London Symphonies".
Biography Haydn: recent years
These works became the pinnacle of his work. After them, nothing significant was written. Tense life took away his strength. His last years he spent in silence and seclusion in a small house, located on the outskirts of Vienna. Sometimes he was visited by admirers of talent. Haydn died in 1809. He was buried first in Vienna, and later the remains were transferred to Eisenstadt, a city in which the composer spent many years of his life.
