Single-pipe heating system with forced circulation: scheme, photo, reviews

How comfortable will it be to live in a privatehouse, in many respects depends on the quality of the heating system. To date, there are several ways to assemble such structures. The simplest and most effective is the so-called "Leningrad" - a one-pipe system. On how to mount it yourself, and talk later in the article.

Advantages and disadvantages

To the advantages of such a design as single-tubeThe heating system with forced circulation should be attributed primarily to the ease of installation, economy and not too much cost. The disadvantage of such structures is not particularly high efficiency when using a large area in buildings, as well as the uneven heating of radiators on different floors.

What are the varieties

In private houses, you can usually see only two types of structures, such as a one-pipe heating system with forced circulation of a closed type:

• Vertical. In this case, the coolant from the boiler first rises to the uppermost floor. Here it passes through all radiators. Then the water or antifreeze goes down to the lower floor, after which the cycle repeats. Then, in the riser, the coolant flows even lower, and so on.
• Horizontal. Such single-pipe systems are installed in single-story buildings. In this case, the coolant simply passes through all the radiators of the house in sequence and is returned through the return pipe to the boiler.

The construction of "Leningrad"

There is a single-pipe heating system with forced circulation of the following elements:

• The heating boiler. It can work on gas, solid or liquid fuel, as well as from electricity. In country houses, the first variety is usually used. The advantage of this equipment is first of all considered economical. Electric boiler is cheaper, but for its work have to pay much more. Models that operate on liquid or solid fuels are usually installed in areas where gas pipelines and electrical networks are not connected.
• The main lines. It is also a very important element of such a design as a single-tube heating system with forced circulation. The diameter of the pipes in this case can be smaller than with the natural motion of the coolant. The mains for such heating systems can be used steel, polypropylene, metal-plastic or copper.
• Radiators of heating. Batteries in private houses can be used steel, cast iron, aluminum or bimetallic. It is better to choose the second or last variety. Each radiator must be equipped with a Mayevsky crane.
• Expansion tank. This element is designed to reduce the pressure in the pipeline when heating the heating medium. With the expansion of water, the "extra" part simply enters this tank.
• Circulation pump. Sometimes the heating medium circulates in the heating system in a natural way - because of the difference in temperatures in the forward and reverse pipes. But in our time, the owners of houses prefer to use options with forced circulation. In this case, the movement of the coolant occurs as a result of the operation of the pump. When using it, it is possible to install pipes of much smaller diameter, which often saves a certain amount of money. The drawbacks of systems with forced circulation are only their dependence on electricity. However, when it is turned off, the design can be switched to natural mode. In addition, you can always use a portable generator.
• Shut-off valves. Among other things, the design of such systems includes various types of valves, valves, and thermo valves.

We compose the project

When constructing a circuit of such a design as a single-tube heating system with forced circulation, the following factors are taken into account:

• Boiler output. Calculation of this indicator is usually trusted by specialists. The matter is that for selection of the most suitable equipment in this case it is necessary to consider a very large number of very different factors. Approximately the calculation is based on the fact that for heating every 10 m² Requires 1 kW of unit power.
• Number of radiators. This indicator can also depend on various factors. The specific power of one battery section is indicated in its passport. At 1 m² The area of ​​the room needs 100 kW.
• Location and material of pipe making.
• Power of the circulation pump. The first indicator for water is determined by the formula:
  Qpu = Qn: 1.163 x Dt [m³/ h],
  where Qn is the amount of heat consumed in kilowatts,
  and Dt is the temperature difference in the return and supply pipelines.
• Volume of the expansion tank. It can also be calculated independently. Do this with the help of the formula:
  V = e x C: (1 - P_o/ Pmax) x k,
  where e is the water expansion coefficient,
  C is the volume of the coolant in the system in liters,
  R₀ - initial air pressure in the tank,
  P_max - limit pressure in the heating system,
  k is the capacitance of the capacitor).
  The last indicator and the limiting pressure are determined by special tables.

Boiler installation

Boiler in a design such as a single-tubeheating system with forced circulation, installed below the location of the mains and radiators. Most often it is located in the basement of the room. Install this unit on a level platform. On sale there are also suspension models. First of all, a chimney is connected and taken out to the street. Connection to the gas main is trusted only by specialists. It is impossible to do this on your own.

Installation of radiators

Continue the installation of such a structure asone-pipe heating system with forced circulation, the circuit of which was presented above, installation of batteries. Hang radiators usually under the windows. Preliminarily, the wall is marked with the width and length of the radiator. Then the brackets are attached. The battery hangs on them. It should be located in such a way that its lower edge does not reach the floor at least 10 cm. The same distance should remain between its upper edge and the window sill. Distance to the wall - 5 cm.

Installation of pipelines

At the next stage, the mainrisers. The supply pipe must be located above the return pipe. Mounting to the walls is done by brackets. Between each other the pipes are connected by fittings. Too many knees are not recommended in the highway. This will reduce the velocity of the coolant, and therefore the quality of the entire structure.

Single-pipe heating system with forced circulation "Leningrad": connection of radiators

After the highways are held,start to connect the radiators. In this case, the diagonal and lower schemes are usually used. In the first case, the coolant is supplied through one of the upper radiator sockets. Retraction - through the lower on the opposite side. In the second - both pipes are attached from below. The installation is done on the bypass. In the future, this will allow to regulate the temperature of the air in the premises, selectively turning off the radiators. In addition, with this connection, it is possible to repair or replace the batteries without interrupting the operation of the entire system.

Setting other items

The expansion tank is mounted on the supply pipe inclose to the boiler itself. The pump is installed on the return pipe. The fact is that the hot water of a straight main can damage the elements of its construction. Put the pump on the bypass, equipped with three taps. Before it is mounted a filter for the coolant. This structural element prevents the ingress of scale or silt. A safety valve can be installed anywhere on the highway. In this case, it matters only the convenience of using it. At the lowest point of the pipeline, a drain cock is installed.

At the final stage, the supply and return lines are connected to the corresponding boiler connections.

As a result of all these actions, a very efficient one-pipe heating system with forced circulation should be obtained. You can see a photo of this design below.

Filling the coolant

Once the system is assembled, produceits trial run. Water is pumped into the pipeline by a submersible pump under pressure, slightly above the operating one, until it begins to flow from the Mayevsky cranes in the radiators. After that they are closed and inspect all connections for tightness. If there are no leaks, the work on assembling the heating system can be considered finished.

Reviews about "Leningrad"

Most private house owners havethis system is a very good idea. Particularly flattering reviews about her sound from the lips of the owners of not too large buildings. In this case, such a system functions very effectively. Many private traders are also attracted by the low cost of such structures and, of course, the possibility of their self-assembly.

Do not like the owners of country housesonly that the coolant to the farthest extreme radiators in such structures comes already quite chilled. Therefore, in the rooms in which they are installed, it is sometimes cool.

As you can see, the installation of such a structure asone-pipe heating system with forced circulation (reviews about which are excellent) - it's not too complicated. You can install it in a few days. It works the same, subject to compliance with all the required assembly technologies, subsequently long and efficiently.