Installation of electricians in the house and apartment

Wiring of an electrician, onlybeginning his career, is a real headache. Such work requires a competent approach, the layout of the wires must be designed and thought out in advance to provide maximum convenience for residents of the premises. It is with the laying of an electrical cable that the house is overhauled.

Laying an electrical cable in a dwelling

The installation of the electrical in the house begins with the installationwires in the walls, then close them under a thick layer of putty. At the final stage, the walls are covered with wallpaper. Inside, the electrical wires will rest for several decades, therefore, before installing the electrical wiring, the electrical circuit must be properly designed.

Beginning of work

Replacement or laying of electrical wires from scratch always begins with the development of a plan, which takes into account the location of sockets, switches and lighting devices. For this we need:

• paper;
• ruler;
• a pen;
• colour pencils.

On paper, a general plan of the room should be drawn up,designate the location of the doorways and windows. Then it is necessary on the scheme to think about where the furniture will be located in the renovated premises, and designate it on the plan. After such simple action it will be easier to understand, where it is necessary to install sockets for household appliances. Also it is necessary to designate on the floor plan the arrangement of chandeliers, switches and other lighting devices.

Indoor and outdoor wiring in rooms

What is hidden wiring? Such installation of electricians in a private house or apartment is carried out in voids, canals, strobas. After this, the wires are hidden under the layer of plaster. If the materials in contact with them are highly flammable, the cables must be in a protective metal pipe, which in case of an emergency, can localize the fire.

The external wiring type is mounted along the wall. Wires are fastened with special fasteners or are located inside cable channels, in corrugated or metal hoses.

Modern three-wire electrical network

According to the rules of electrical safety, the wholeThe wiring in the living room must be a three-wire system consisting of phase (L), zero (N) and ground (PE). Wires can only be used with copper wires. If the old house has not been overhauled for a long time, then for sure it carried out an obsolete two-wire aluminum wiring. The old cable should be pulled out of the channels in the wall, then mounted a new modern power supply system.

List of tools for cable laying

For the work on the installation of electricians we will need the following tools and materials:

1. Corrugated pipe, which protects the cable from damage, and the room from a fire in the event of a short circuit.
2. The cable is electric.
3. Boxes for cable branching.
4. Roulette.
5. Putty.
6. Sockets and switches.
7. Level and rule for leveling the walls after laying the wire.
8. Strobosez.
9. Punch.
10. A hammer.
11. Bit.
12. Nippers or knife to remove the protective coating from the cable.
13. Crosshead screwdriver.
14. The voltage indicator.

Safety during work

During the installation of electricians in an apartment or privatethe house should take precautions. First, do not connect the cable to the network while working with it. Secondly, it is necessary to put on protective devices:

1. Glasses to protect the eyes during the walling of walls.
2. Respirator.
3. Rubber gloves for protection from electric shock.

Rules for laying wires in the room

Shtroby is allowed to do only horizontallyor vertically. If a wall or partition has a thickness of less than 100 mm, it is prohibited to make vertical stitches closer than 200 mm from the edge of the wall. The distance between the cable ducts on one wall must be more than 1500 mm. Corrug should be chosen with a diameter that is several times the diameter of the cable.

Marking of the wall for strobilenie

Taking a pencil, draw the places where you planinstallation of sockets, switches and junction boxes. Then, you should identify the places where the strobes will be made, and it is better to use a level for accurate drawing of lines horizontally and vertically.

Drilling the Wall

Using a perforator with a special nozzle, make grooves for sockets and switches, as well as holes for installing junction boxes.

Preparing walls for laying wiring

Between the recesses for sockets and switchesdo the channels using the chopper. Such holes should be made so that the corrugated pipe is easily fitted into the groove completely. Wiring must not protrude beyond the groove. After working with an electric tool, you should make a groove using a chisel and a hammer. Be sure to remove the dust from the walls and floor before the next operation.

Wire laying

Lay the corrugation with the wires inside the prepared shtroby, and then zashpaklyuyte walls and align them with the rule. Then it is necessary to proceed with the installation of the junction boxes.

Before you start, do not forget to remove the topcover. In the wall, this material is fixed with a small amount of putty. After the box is securely held in the wall, insert tubes into it and fasten them with nails driven at an angle.

During the operation of the building may occuran open circuit in the electrical wiring indoors. If during the installation of the wiring the junction boxes were not used, finding a breakdown would be much more difficult. If they were installed, the damaged wire can easily be calculated and replaced with a working one. In this case, do not need to peel off the wallpaper and break the walls again.

Puttying holes

After the successful installation of electricians in a private houseor apartment, start to putty the walls. After the required amount of construction material is applied, the holes are smeared, remove the surplus solution with a trowel and level the wall with the rule. Check the work done by attaching a level to the wall.

Wiring options in the box

During the installation of electricians in a cottage or any other building, it is required to twist the wires with each other in accordance with the unified rules of the PUE. There are only 3 types of cable connections:

1. Using the terminal blocks. This is the most preferable option, since such devices have small dimensions, they can easily be placed in a small box for distributing wires.
2. Connecting electrical wires withusing the soldering method. This method is used by professionals of the old school. To solder the wires together, you need to have sufficient experience in carrying out such a procedure.
3. The connection by the crimping method is the most reliablemethod. However, this is a time-consuming process that will require the electrician skills and knowledge. Also, a special tool called "press jaws" will be required, and additional materials: a conductor made of conductive metal (usually copper or aluminum), as well as a heat shrink tube. To connect the wires using this method, it is necessary to insert the stripped cables into the sleeve on both sides to the stop, and then press them out with clamps. Before crimping it is necessary to attach a special protective tube to one of the wires. After the crimping process it is necessary to move the tube to the sleeve, then heat it to the desired temperature so that the shrinkage occurs.

Protection against electric shock in the house

During the installation of electricians in the room, in addition tomachines, you need to think about installing a fire protection device RCD with installation for a leakage current of 100 mA. In rooms with increased moisture (bathroom, kitchen), it is necessary to install an RCD with a leakage current of up to 30 mA.

During work related to electricity in living quarters, only high-quality wires, such as VVGGG cable and its modifications, should be used.