Individual thermal point (ITP): scheme, operating principle, operation

The individual thermal point is aa whole set of devices, located in a separate room, which includes elements of thermal equipment. It provides connection to the heat network of these units, their transformation, management of heat consumption modes, efficiency, distribution by types of coolant consumption and regulation of its parameters.

Individual heating point

Thermal installation, engaged in maintenancea building or its separate parts, is an individual heat point, or ITP for short. It is designed to provide hot water, ventilation and heat to residential buildings, housing and communal facilities, as well as production facilities.

For its operation, it will be necessary to connect to the water and heat supply system, as well as the power supply necessary to activate the circulation pump equipment.

Small heat point individual canused in a single family house or a small building connected directly to a centralized heat supply network. Such equipment is designed for heating the premises and heating the water.

A large individual heat point is engaged in servicing large or multi-apartment buildings. Its power is in the range from 50 kW to 2 MW.

Main goals

The individual heat point provides the following tasks:

• Accounting for heat and coolant consumption.
• Protection of the heat supply system from emergency increase of the coolant parameters.
• Disconnecting the heat consumption system.
• Uniform distribution of the heat carrier by the heat consumption system.
• Adjustment and control of the parameters of the circulating fluid.
• Conversion of the type of coolant.

Benefits

• High profitability.
• Long-term exploitation of individualthermal point showed that modern equipment of this type, in contrast to other non-automated processes, consumes 30% less thermal energy.
• Operational costs are reduced by approximately 40-60%.
• The choice of the optimal mode of heat consumption and precise adjustment will allow up to 15% reduction of heat energy losses.
• Quiet work.
• Compactness.
• The overall dimensions of modern heat points are directly related to the heat load. With a compact arrangement, an individual heat point with a load of up to 2 Gcal / hour occupies an area of ​​25-30 m².
• The possibility of placing this device in basement small-sized premises (both in existing and in newly constructed buildings).
• The work process is fully automated.
• Maintenance of this heat equipment does not require highly qualified personnel.
• ITP (individual heat point) provides comfort in the room and guarantees effective energy saving.
• Ability to set the mode, focusing on the time of day, the application of the mode of the weekend and public holidays, as well as the conduct of weather compensation.
• Individual production according to the customer's requirements.

Thermal energy accounting

The basis of energy-saving measures ismetering device. This account is required to perform calculations for the amount of heat energy consumed between the heat supply company and the subscriber. After all, very often the estimated consumption is much more than the actual consumption, because the heat suppliers overestimate their values ​​when calculating the load, referring to the additional costs. Such situations will avoid the installation of meters.

Assignment of metering devices

• Ensuring fair financial settlements between consumers and energy suppliers.
• Documenting the parameters of the heat supply system, such as pressure, temperature and coolant flow.
• Monitoring the rational use of the energy system.
• Control over the hydraulic and thermal operation of the heat consumption and heat supply system.

Classical scheme of the meter

• The counter of thermal energy.
• The manometer.
• Thermometer.
• Thermal converter in the return and supply pipeline.
• Primary flow transmitter.
• Strain-magnetic filter.

Service

• Connect the reader and then take the reading.
• Analysis of errors and finding out the reasons for their occurrence.
• Checking the integrity of the seals.
• Analysis of results.
• Checking of technological indicators, and also comparison of indications of thermometers on a supply and return pipeline.
• Adding oil to the sleeves, cleaning the filters, checking the ground contacts.
• Removal of dirt and dust.
• Recommendations for the proper operation of internal heat supply networks.

Heat station layout

The classical ITP scheme includes the following nodes:

• Enter the heat network.
• Accounting device.
• Connecting the ventilation system.
• Connection of the heating system.
• Hot water supply connection.
• Coordination of pressures between heat consumption and heat supply systems.
• Filling is connected by an independent scheme of heating and ventilation systems.

When designing a heat point project, the mandatory nodes are:

• Accounting device.
• Coordination of pressures.
• Enter the heat network.

The configuration of other nodes, as well as their number is selected depending on the design decision.

Consumption systems

The standard scheme of an individual heat point can have the following systems for providing thermal energy to consumers:

• Heating.
• Hot water supply.
• Heating and hot water supply.
• Heating, hot water supply and ventilation.

ITP for heating

ITP (individual heat point) - schemeindependent, with the installation of a plate heat exchanger, which is designed for 100% load. The installation of a twin pump compensating for the loss of pressure level is envisaged. The make-up of the heating system is provided from the return pipeline of the heating networks.

This heat station can be additionally equipped with a hot water supply unit, a meter, as well as other necessary units and units.

ITP for DHW

ITP (individual heat point) - schemeindependent, parallel and single-stage. The set includes two plate heat exchangers, each of them is designed for 50% of the load. There is also a group of pumps designed to compensate for the pressure drop.

In addition, the heating unit can be equipped with a heating system unit, a meter and other necessary units and units.

ITP for heating and hot water

In this case, the work of an individual thermal(ITP) is organized according to an independent scheme. For the heating system, a plate heat exchanger is provided, which is designed for 100% load. The scheme of hot water supply is independent, two-stage, with two plate-type heat exchangers. In order to compensate for the pressure drop, a group of pumps is installed.

The heating system is fed withusing appropriate pumping equipment from the return pipeline of heating networks. The hot water supply is supplied from the cold water supply system.

In addition, the ITP (individual heat point) is equipped with a meter.

ITP for heating, hot water supply and ventilation

The heat installation is connected toindependent scheme. For a heating and ventilation system a plate heat exchanger is used, designed for 100% load. The scheme of hot water supply is independent, parallel, single-stage, with two plate heat exchangers, designed for 50% of the load each. Compensation for lowering the pressure level is carried out by means of a group of pumps.

The heating system is fed from the return piping of the heating networks. The hot water supply is supplied from the cold water supply system.

In addition, an individual heat point in an apartment building can be equipped with a meter.

Principle of operation

The scheme of the heat point is directly dependent onfeatures of the source, supplying energy to the ITP, as well as the characteristics of the consumers served by it. The most common for this heat installation is a closed system of hot water supply with the connection of the heating system according to an independent scheme.

The individual heat point principle of operation has this:

• On the supply pipeline, the coolant enters the ITP, gives heat to the heaters of the heating and hot water supply system, and also enters the ventilation system.
• Then the coolant is sent to the return pipeline and through the backbone network goes back for reuse to the heat generating company.
• Some volume of heat carrier can be consumedconsumers. To compensate for the losses at the heat source in the CHP and boiler houses, recharge systems are provided that use water treatment systems for these enterprises as a source of heat.
• The incoming water in the heat installationwater flows through the pumping equipment of the cold water supply system. Then some of its volume is delivered to consumers, the other is heated in the hot water heater of the first stage, then it is sent to the circulation circuit of hot water supply.
• Water in the circulation circuit by means ofcirculation pumping equipment for hot water supply moves around in a circle from a heat point to consumers and back. At the same time, as necessary, consumers take water out of the circuit.
• During the circulation of the liquid along the contour, itgradually gives away its own heat. To maintain the coolant temperature at the optimum level, it is regularly heated in the second stage of the hot water heater.
• The heating system is also a closed loop, through which the coolant moves through circulation pumps from the heat point to the consumers and back.
• During operation, leaks may occurcoolant from the heating system circuit. Replenishment of losses is handled by the ITP charging system, which uses primary heat networks as a source of heat.

Commissioning

To prepare an individual heat point in the house for commissioning, it is necessary to submit the following list of documents to Energonadzor:

• The current specifications for the connection and a certificate of their implementation from the power supply organization.
• Project documentation with all necessary approvals.
• Act of responsibility of the parties for the operation and separation of balance sheet, compiled by the consumer and representatives of the energy supply organization.
• The act of readiness for permanent or temporary operation of a subscriber branch of a heat point.
• Passport ITP with a brief description of heat supply systems.
• A certificate of the readiness of the heat meter.
• A certificate of concluding a contract with an energy supply organization for heat supply.
• Certificate of acceptance of works performed (with the license number and date of issue) between the consumer and the installation organization.
• Order on the appointment of a responsible person for the safe operation and serviceability of heat plants and heating networks.
• List of operational and operational-repair responsible persons for maintenance of heat networks and heat installations.
• A copy of the welder certificate.
• Certificates for used electrodes and pipelines.
• Acts for hidden work, an executive scheme for a heat point with an indication of the numbering of the valve, as well as a diagram of pipelines and shut-off valves.
• Act for flushing and crimping systems (heating networks, heating system and hot water supply system).
• Job descriptions, instructions on fire safety and safety precautions.
• Operating Instructions.
• The act of allowing networks and installations to operate.
• Journal of accounting KIP, delivery of orders-tolerances, operational, the registration of identified during the inspection of installations and networks of defects, testing knowledge, as well as briefings.
• Attire from the heating network to connect.

Safety and Operation

The service staff of the heat station shouldbe appropriate qualification, as well as responsible persons should be familiarized with the operating rules, which are specified in the technical documentation. This is a mandatory principle of an individual heat point, approved for operation.

It is forbidden to start the pump equipment in operation with the shut-off valve closed at the inlet and in the absence of water in the system.

In the process of operation it is necessary:

• Monitor the pressure readings on the pressure gauges installed on the supply and return lines.
• Observe the absence of extraneous noise, as well as avoid excessive vibration.
• Monitor the heating of the electric motor.

Do not use excessive force in case of manual control of the valve, and if there is pressure in the system, you can not disassemble the controls.

Before starting the heat station, it is necessary to wash the heat consumption system and pipelines.