Australia: Industry and economy

The way of the formation of industry and ruraleconomy of Australia can not be called easy and prosperous. This continent did not suffer serious cataclysms, it was not affected by world wars, and climatic conditions in every way contributed to the development of various industries. Nevertheless, for a long time the country was under the influence of Great Britain, which in a certain sense acted as a deterrent to development. On the other hand, the first prerequisites for the formation of agriculture were laid by the British industry, which was supplied with resources by Australia. Industry and agriculture on the mainland developed gradually, but today the country holds leading positions in production volumes in several sectors at once.

Industrial and agrarian features of the farm

Thanks to its geographical location and richReserves of resources Australia is distinguished by a wide range of covered industries, both in industrial and agrarian activities. Here, machine building, printing, textile, oil refining, metallurgy and other industries are developing steadily. At the same time manufacturing industry in Australia is considered one of the most developed in the world. On the production of electricity per capita, the country regularly takes first positions.

Raw materials industries are also not lagging behind, providinginternal market needs. Moreover, well-established exports have long become the main reference point for a number of enterprises. In most cases, these are agricultural products, which are imported in large quantities by Australia. Industry in many sectors is no less actively supplying the world market with its goods. This is reflected in the economic climate within the country, and on the investment attractiveness of the local economy for foreign partners.

General characteristics of industry

The most advanced branch of the country isindustry, since in this area a third of the population is employed. The most successful areas are extracting economies, ferrous metallurgy, automotive, food, chemical, light and other industries in Australia, not to mention the energy sector. As for exports of bauxite and coal, the country is on the first place, and on deliveries of iron ore - on the second. In addition, gold mining has also been established, export of which brings considerable profit to enterprises. About 35% of Australia's total exports are primary metals, fuel and minerals.

Mining industry

Perhaps this is one of the main segmentsAustralian economy. The region is provided with a multitude of mineral resources, the use of which has made it possible for the state to become one of the largest suppliers of rocks in the world. In particular, Australia's mining industry is focused on the development of quarries with bauxite, opals, diamonds and lead. There is mining of coal, manganese and iron ore. In addition, zinc, silver, tin, nickel, tungsten, titanium and other metals are mined. It is the use of this raw material that allowed the country to form a powerful metallurgical industry. This, incidentally, applies to other branches of the Australian economy. The independence of the region from imports greatly facilitates the development of new sectors at the expense of its own available raw materials.

Power Engineering

The basis of the state's energy potentialis coal - stone and brown. The only problem in this sector is the lack of provision of natural gas and oil. Since many industries in Australia require the use of these resources, some enterprises are supplied with imported supplies. Oil companies have significantly increased their output over the past few years. Still, most of the existing power plants are accounted for by TPPs that work on coal. Metallurgical enterprises and developed transport networks provide a modern infrastructure of energy facilities, which increases their effectiveness.

If Australia's mining industryis self-sufficient and independent (at least from imports), then modern energy, in view of technological features, requires recharge external resources. Hydropower reserves have limitations, but for minimal supply of their capacity is enough. Hydroelectric power plants are mainly located on the island of Tasmania and in the so-called Australian Alps.

Mechanical engineering and chemical industry

Transport engineering can be calledthe pride of the region. The largest auto industry centers are located in Adelaide, Melbourne and Perth. The equipment for providing railway infrastructure is manufactured in Sydney and Newcastle, and shipbuilding enterprises are located in Davenport and Brisbane. However, strict territorial division of industries is not observed. Agricultural engineering is also the foundation without which Australia has long been without it. The industry of this industry is mainly located in the south-east of the country. Chemical enterprises are also concentrated in the southern part of the continent. Factories produce acids, explosives, fertilizers for agriculture, synthetic masses and plastic resins.

Food industry

The food industry is included in the list of main sectorseconomic activities to which Australia is oriented. Specialization of industry, as already noted, is tied to the extraction of raw materials and mining resources with subsequent processing. But food production is quite developed. It is primarily concerned with butter-making and milk-canning enterprises, but there are many other types of this industry.

On the world market there are factories,specializing in brewing, meat-churning, meat-canning, flour-milling and other industries, through which all of Australia is supplied. Industry in the food sector has long mastered and specific industries, among which the processing of tobacco sheets. In addition to providing internal inquiries, the factories are engaged and exported. Not without reason, Australia is on the list of the largest agricultural suppliers of agricultural products along with Canada and Brazil.

Agriculture of Australia

Agricultural activities of the countrydiverse and multifaceted. Animal husbandry, plant growing, winemaking and other industries are developing with equal success here. There are many sectors in the world agricultural market, where Australia ranks first. The economy and industry, thanks to close ties, allowed the country to become a leader in the production of wool. In addition, the volumes of dairy and grain products, sugar, meat and fruits are also high. In South Australia, vegetable and gardening is flourishing. Irrigated lands also yield good harvests of cotton, tobacco and sugar cane.

Conclusion

Australia is firmly in the lead onworld market of industry and agricultural products. Many factors contribute to this, but there are also unfavorable aspects. For example, agriculture in some parts of the continent is difficult due to drought and unsatisfactory soil fertility, but this is only part of the problems that Australia faces in this area. Industry also has its difficulties, but the introduction of new technologies and the optimized use of imported raw materials help the state to support the growth of production volumes. Despite all the difficulties, the region stably keeps its occupied places on the list of leading industrial-agrarian countries. A balanced economy also helps in this, without which it is impossible to maintain industry and agriculture, which is more of an unstable sector (in terms of income).